Abstract
Both oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) and inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV). induce some degree of mucosal immunity. However, OPV-induced mucosal immunity appears similar to that following natural exposure to wild poliovirus, while multiple doses of IPV may be necessary to induce measurable secretory antibody responses. Differences in mucosal immunity following vaccination with OPV and IPV are most pronounced in the intestine and least pronounced in the pharynx. Data on long-term persistence of mucosal antibodies are limited. However, long-term resistance to fecal and pharyngeal excretion is associated with high humoral antibody levels. Humoral immunity to poliovirus is strongly associated with individual protection against paralytic disease, while mucosal immunity decreases or eliminates fecal and pharyngeal excretion of polioviruses. Therefore, mucosal immunity is largely associated with community protection against circulation and transmission of poliovirus. To achieve the goal of eradication of poliomyelitis by the year 2000, strategies to amplify both mucosal immunity and humoral immunity are essential.
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