Abstract
A novel biosynthesis of dual reduced graphene oxide/silver nanocomposites (rGO/AgNC) using the crude metabolite of Escherichia coli D8 (MF06257) strain and sunlight is introduced in this work. Physicochemical analysis of these rGO/AgNC revealed that they are sheet-like structures having spherically shaped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with an average particle size of 8 to 17 nm, and their absorption peak ranged from 350 to 450 nm. The biosynthesized rGO/AgNC were characterized by UV–vis and FT-IR spectra, X-ray diffraction, Zeta potential and transmission electron microscopy. After the injection of these nanocomposites to mice, their uptake by the kidney and liver has been proven by the ultrastructural observation and estimation of the hepatic and renal silver content. These nanocomposites caused a moderate toxicity for both organs. Changes in the liver and kidney functions and histopathological effects had been observed. The rGO/AgNC revealed a remarkable antitumor effect. They showed a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells in vitro. Treatment of mice bearing EAC tumors intraperitoneally with 10 mg/kg rGO/AgNC showed an antiproliferative effect on EAC cells, reduced ascites volume, and maintained mice survival. The results indicate that this green synergy of silver nanoparticles with reduced graphene oxide may have a promising potential in cancer therapy.
Highlights
Graphene oxide (GO) is one of the most common carbon compounds that could be synthesized throughout the oxidizing of graphite powder
The present study provides a green approach for the synthesis of Reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/AgNC using crude metabolite of E. coli D8 (AC: MF062579), their characterization, in vivo effect, and anticancer activity in mice
Characterization of the nanocomposite The first indication for the formation of rGO/AgNC was the color change from black into brown. rGO/AgNC was characterized by UV–vis spectrum, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission electron microscopic analysis (TEM) analyses
Summary
Graphene oxide (GO) is one of the most common carbon compounds that could be synthesized throughout the oxidizing of graphite powder. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) compounds have been reported as antimicrobial agents (Anand et al 2019), enhancing materials for the wound healing (Ma et al 2019), and anticancer agents (Dhanavel et al 2020). These activities of the rGO were referred to the presence of the functionalized groups (carbonyl (C=O), carboxyl (C–OOH), hydroxyl (C–OH), El‐Zahed et al Bioresour. Among PNC, reduced graphene oxide/silver nanocomposites (rGO/AgNC) exhibit potent anticancer activities their antimicrobial action (Pooresmaeil and Namazi 2019; Jose et al 2020). RGO/ AgNC have been used in various applications including biomedical applications as wound dressing, anticancer activity and as drug delivery system (Zaidi 2019), and industrial applications as water treatment, food packaging, cosmetics, and biosensors (Ceran et al 2020)
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