Abstract
Hepatic ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury mainly occurs following hepatic resection and liver transplantation and cause severe liver damage, organ injuries, and dysfunction. Pro-inflammatory cytokines that promote injury are released when kupffer cell activates after getting induced by I/R. Repercussions of oxidative stress and cardiac function against isoproterenol based myocardial infarction are caused by flavonol glycosides which are found in high concentrations in Inula racemosa (Ir).The root was deemed to have analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, and no report has been published about the liver-protective activity against hepatic I/R. Therefore, the present study was aimed to understand the therapeutic impact of Ir in hepatic I/R injury. Male albino, Wistar strain rats were used and were grouped into four total phenolic content, free radical scavenging activity and serum enzymes were determined. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis were also carried out. Inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL-6) and protein expression of p53, bax, and bcl-2 were determined. The administration of extracts of Ir significantly increased total phenolic and free radical scavenging activity. Altered cellular morphology, cytokines and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were returned to near normal level. IL-6 and TNF-α levels were reduced more than 25% following treatment. Also, the protein expression of p53, bax, and bcl-2 were also returned to near normal level. Taking all these data together, it is suggested that the extracts of Ir may be a potential therapeutic agent for providing several beneficial effects in hepatic I/R injury.
Highlights
When after a period of ischemia blood supply returns to the tissue causing tissue abrasion is reperfusion injury (Grace 2005)
To understand the effect of Inula racemosa (Ir) on protein expression of p54, bax and bcl-2, we carried out western blot analysis
Renormalization of cancer apoptotic gene expression revealed that the extract of Ir possesses hepato-protective activity in hepatic ischemic/reperfusion injury in rats
Summary
When after a period of ischemia blood supply returns to the tissue causing tissue abrasion is reperfusion injury (Grace 2005). I/R injury is pertinent to the growth of primary graft dysfunction (occurrence in 10–25% of grafts) and primary graft non-function (an event in 5% of grafts) (Clavien et al 2007). Some degree of liver steatosis has been observed in 25% of the western population (Selzner and Clavien 2001), the vast mass of TG inside the cytoplasm, ascribed to the effects of obesity, excess diabetes alcohol, and drugs. The root of Inula racemosa (Ir) has been considered to exhibit cardio-protective effect and relieve ischemic pain (Manipuri et al 2013). Ir should be considered for future studies as they offer new substitutes to the therapeutic options are very limited for liver diseases (Veteläinen et al 2007; Kaplowitz 2000; Muthuviveganandavel et al 2008; Olthoff et al 2010; Gibson and Dudley 1984; Sylvia and Adam 1972).
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