Abstract
The study of ultra-small paramagnetic gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) as in vivo positive (T1) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents is one of the most attractive fields in nanomedicine. The performance of the Gd2O3 NP imaging agents depends on the surface-coating materials. In this study, poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid) (PMVEMA) was used as a surface-coating polymer. The PMVEMA-coated paramagnetic ultra-small Gd2O3 NPs with an average particle diameter of 1.9 nm were synthesized using the one-pot polyol method. They exhibited excellent colloidal stability in water and good biocompatibility. They also showed a very high longitudinal water proton spin relaxivity (r1) value of 36.2 s−1mM−1 (r2/r1 = 2.0; r2 = transverse water proton spin relaxivity) under a 3.0 tesla MR field which is approximately 10 times higher than the r1 values of commercial molecular contrast agents. High positive contrast enhancements were observed in in vivo T1 MR images after intravenous administration of the NP solution sample, demonstrating its potential as a T1 MRI contrast agent.
Highlights
Nanoparticle (NP) imaging agents have attracted much attention because of their advanced imaging properties compared with those of conventional molecular agents [1,2,3,4,5,6]
Thisbehavior molecular behavior due to the a few hours afterhours intravenous administration. This molecular is likely dueistolikely the ultra-small ultra-small of the. These results indicate that the poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid) (PMVEMA)-coated particle size ofparticle the NPssize
These results indicate that the PMVEMA-coated ultra-small ultra-small
Summary
Nanoparticle (NP) imaging agents have attracted much attention because of their advanced imaging properties compared with those of conventional molecular agents [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Among NPs, ultra-small gadolinium oxide (Gd2 O3 ) NPs are especially interesting because they are known to be potential high-performance positive (i.e., T1 ) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents because of their high longitudinal water proton spin relaxivity (r1 ) [15,16,17,18] Their r1 values are much higher than those (i.e., 3.0–5.0 s−1 mM−1 ) [19,20] of commercial molecular. Gd2 O3 NPs that were subsequently subject to various analyses, including measurements of their colloidal stability, in vitro cellular toxicity, and magnetic and relaxometric properties Their effectiveness as a potential T1 MRI contrast agent was demonstrated by recording in vivo T1 MR images under a 3.0 tesla MR field
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