In vivo imaging of Lgr5-positive cell populations using confocal laser endomicroscopy during early colon tumorigenesis.

Abstract

A diagnostic molecular marker for pre-neoplastic lesions, particularly before polyposis, is still lacking. Lgr5 has been broadly accepted as a marker for intestinal cancer stem cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the monitoring of Lgr5( + ) cells as a useful tool for the early diagnosis of premalignant lesions before polyp formation. In vivo molecular imaging was performed to examine colon tumorigenesis in Lgr5-EGFP mice treated with azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate. eGFP( +) Lgr5( +) regions in the descending colon were longitudinally monitored using side-view confocal endomicroscopy. Based on the eGFP signal intensity on the luminal surface, polyps were classified into two groups - Lgr5-high and Lgr5-low. White light colonoscopy was used to monitor polyp formation. Approximately 75 % of the polyps originated from foci containing Lgr5-eGFP( +) cells, whereas 25 % of the polyps emerged from Lgr5( -) foci. Among eGFP( +) foci, Lgr5-high foci grew faster than Lgr5-low foci. Polyps developed at Lgr5( +) regions. Luminal Lgr5 expression was correlated with the growth rate of early-stage adenomas. Lgr5 is a promising molecular marker for the early diagnosis of colon tumors.