Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are involved in an increasing number of physiopathological processes and represent promising clinical tools for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. Their small size has long hindered in situ studies, which has limited their in vivo characterization and clinical use. Imaging approaches now allow the monitoring of extracellular vesicles in different animal models, in real time and at the single vesicle scale. The zebrafish appears in particular to be a relevant model organism to explore the biology of extracellular vesicles in vivo and to evaluate their therapeutic potential in preclinical studies.
Highlights
Extracellular vesicles are involved in an increasing number of physiopathological processes and represent promising clinical tools for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases
Imaging approaches allow the monitoring of extracellular vesicles in different animal models, in real time and at the single vesicle scale
The zebrafish appears in particular to be a relevant model organism to explore the biology of extracellular vesicles in vivo and to evaluate their therapeutic potential in preclinical studies. ‡
Summary
Afin de mieux comprendre la biologie des VE en temps réel et in vivo, plusieurs équipes ont développé des stratégies originales pour suivre ces vésicules dans différents organismes modèles vivants. Que ce soit pour visualiser les VE libérées par des cellules en culture ou suivre les VE à l’échelle d’un organisme entier, la première étape consiste à trouver une stratégie permettant de les marquer de façon spécifique. Actuellement, les stratégies proposées consistent soit à associer une molécule de marquage aux VE après leur isolement, soit à faire exprimer par la cellule productrice des « rapporteurs » génétiques qui seront intégrés aux VE pendant leur biogenèse [8,9,10,11] (Figure 1). Le marquage des VE (Figure 1) Une première stratégie consiste à marquer les VE après leur isolement à partir de surnageants de cultures cel-. 4 C’est un indicateur de la qualité du signal émis en comparaison au bruit de fond
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