In vivo Human Skin Penetration of the UV Filter Ethylhexyl Triazone: Effect of Lipid Microparticle Encapsulation

Abstract

Background/Aims: The data available on the skin permeability of ethylhexyl triazone (EHT), a widely used high-molecular-weight (823.1-Da) UV filter, are scarce and obtained only via in vitro studies. Therefore, we evaluated in vivo the penetration of EHT in human stratum corneum by the tape stripping technique. Moreover, the effect of EHT encapsulation in lipid microparticles (LMs) on its diffusion through the stratum corneum was examined. Methods: LMs loaded with EHT were prepared using glyceryl behenate and phosphatidylcholine. Creams containing EHT free or encapsulated in LMs in conjunction with the two most commonly used UV filters, octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC) and butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (BMDBM), were applied to human volunteers and the fraction of the applied sunscreen dose having penetrated into different stratum corneum layers was measured. Results and Conclusion: For the cream with the nonencapsulated sunscreen agent, the percentage of the applied EHT dose diffused into the stratum corneum was 21.9 ± 4.9%, not significantly different from that of the smaller-molecular-weight OMC (22.2 ± 7.6%) and BMDBM (20.5 ± 3.7%). A marked (45.7%) and statistically significant reduction in the in vivo skin penetration of EHT was attained with the cream containing microencapsulated EHT. The decreased percutaneous penetration provided by the LMs should favor the efficacy of EHT and limit potential toxicological risks.