Abstract
Feasibility of detecting intravascular flow using a catheter based endovascular optical coherence tomography (OCT) system is demonstrated in a porcine carotid model in vivo. The effects of A-line density, radial distance, signal-to-noise ratio, non-uniform rotational distortion (NURD), phase stability of the swept wavelength laser and interferometer system on Doppler shift detection limit were investigated in stationary and flow phantoms. Techniques for NURD induced phase shift artifact removal were developed by tracking the catheter sheath. Detection of high flow velocity (~51 cm/s) present in the porcine carotid artery was obtained by phase unwrapping techniques and compared to numerical simulation, taking into consideration flow profile distortion by the eccentrically positioned imaging catheter. Using diluted blood in saline mixture as clearing agent, simultaneous Doppler OCT imaging of intravascular flow and structural OCT imaging of the carotid artery wall was feasible. To our knowledge, this is the first in vivo demonstration of Doppler imaging and absolute measurement of intravascular flow using a rotating fiber catheter in carotid artery.
Highlights
Blood flow velocity and volumetric flow measurements are important parameters for assessment of the severity of stenosis and the outcome of interventional therapy
Feasibility of detecting intravascular flow using a catheter based endovascular optical coherence tomography (OCT) system is demonstrated in a porcine carotid model in vivo
In this paper we show preliminary results of in vivo intraluminal blood flow measurement using endovascular OCT in a porcine carotid model
Summary
Blood flow velocity and volumetric flow measurements are important parameters for assessment of the severity of stenosis and the outcome of interventional therapy. Despite the inherent alteration of hemodynamics, as a consequence of physically placing a catheter in the coronary artery, intravascular ultrasound Doppler measurements [3] have been used for coronary blood flow measurements. Using color Doppler [8], phase-resolved Doppler OCT [9,10], autocorrelation [11] or Kasai velocity estimation techniques [12] in a circumferentially scanning catheter probe carries its own unique challenges. These include dilution of blood by saline to improve OCT penetration, motion artifacts induced by the rotating optical probe, and the radially dependent noise background of measured Doppler signals. In this paper we show preliminary results of in vivo intraluminal blood flow measurement using endovascular OCT in a porcine carotid model
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