Abstract
Supplementary material is available for this article at 10.1007/s12274-016-1028-7 and is accessible for authorized users.
Highlights
Vitamins have been studied in the context of diagnostic and therapeutic agents because they are biocompatible, endogenously accessible, act as carriers, strongly bind to respective receptors, and mediate important cellular metabolic functions [1,2,3]
Without surface functionalization, ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) uptake by most tissues and cells is low, except for those of the reticuloendothelial system (RES), which rapidly remove the particles from the blood
We selected flavin mononucleotide (FMN) as a specific, fluorescent, non-polymeric coating molecule, which adsorptively binds to the iron oxide cores via phosphate groups (Fig. 1(a))
Summary
Vitamins have been studied in the context of diagnostic and therapeutic agents because they are biocompatible, endogenously accessible, act as carriers, strongly bind to respective receptors, and mediate important cellular metabolic functions [1,2,3] Their pivotal role in the prevention and treatment of different types of cancer has been explored in various clinical trials, promoting the development of vitamin-based drugs and imaging agents [4, 5]. We designed RCP-targeted, fluorescent USPIO (FLUSPIO) as a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and demonstrated its ability to label metabolically active cancer cells as well as activated endothelial cells [17] In another previous study, we developed a second MRI probe, FAD-USPIO, to assess vascular metabolism in prostate tumors [18]. We investigated the colloidal stability in physiological media, plasma protein adsorption, bio-distribution and accumulation of FLUSPIO in prostate cancer xenografts
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