In vivo evaluation of four chemically processed biological grafts implanted as infrarenal arterial substitutes in dogs

Abstract

Four chemically processed grafts implanted as arterial substitutes in dogs were evaluated as blood conduits in terms of patency rates, healing characteristics and biostability. Omniflow®, Biopolymeric®, Dardik-Biograft® of the second generation and BIMA® grafts were implanted as infrarenal aortic substitutes for 4, 24 and 48 h (short-term), 1, 2 and 4 wk (medium-term), 3 and 6 month (long-term), each type of graft being implanted for a complete series. The explanted grafts were evaluated macroscopically and processed for light and scanning electron microscopy. One Omniflow® graft was occluded at 6 month and two Dardik-Biografts® were thrombosed, one at 24 h and one at 1month. All explanted grafts in the Biopolymeric® series and in the BIMA® were patent at the animals' death. Histological studies revealed frequent subintimal fibrosis in the Biopolymeric® and Omniflow grafts. A peripheral inflammatory reaction was present in most grafts explanted. Scanning electron microscopy showed an aggravation of flow surface irregularities, after implantation of Omniflow®, Biopolymeric® and Dardik-Biograft®, compared to virgin prostheses. These grafts presented an internal capsulae on the graft flow surface along the anastomoses. The capsulae slightly extended towards the centre of the graft after long-term implantation, (6 month) and corresponded to the pannus. Endothelial-like cells covered this pannus. The BIMA® graft performed the most satisfactorily and retained its blood compatibility best, that is, the luminal surface was smooth with only minor thrombotic deposits and a thin pannus along the anastomotic lines.