Abstract
Objective: This study’s aim was to assess the efficacy of topical Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) leaf ethanolic extract administration on serum transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) in infected wounds.
 Methods: An experimental study, in vivo, was conducted in the Biotechnology Laboratory and Animal House, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, from July to September 2020. There were 30 male Wistar rats aged 10–12 weeks with excisional wounds infected with Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. The rats were divided into five groups and received three concentrations of Binahong leaf extracts (2.5%, 5%, and 10%), salve base, and povidone iodine 10% topically twice daily for 14 days. Serum was obtained before treatment and after 14 days of treatment. Wound area and bacterial count were also recorded and analyzed. Data analysis was performed using computer software.
 Results: Wound size and bacterial count were significantly decreased in treatment groups receiving topical Binahong leaf ethanolic extract. No significant increase in serum TGF-β1 was observed in all treatment groups.
 Conclusion: Topical administration of Binahong leaf ethanolic extract on rats with infected wounds for 14 days did not significantly increase serum TGF-β1.
Highlights
Wounds are defined as a disruption in the integrity of skin, mucosa, or organ tissues [1]
The treatment group receiving 10% Binahong leaf extract showed the most decrease in wound area
Our finding was similar to a study by Paju et al in rabbits with incisional infected wounds, which reported the efficacy of 10% Binahong leaf ethanolic extract in wound healing [20]
Summary
Wounds are defined as a disruption in the integrity of skin, mucosa, or organ tissues [1]. Impairments in the wound healing process may cause various complications, especially when inadequately treated [2]. Physiological wound healing is generally divided into 4 phases: Hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling. These processes involve a complex interaction between the skin’s cellular components through secretion of various growth factors and mediators [1,3]. TGF-β induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which becomes clinically important especially at the later phases of wound healing to the formation of scars [3,7]. TGF-β has 3 isoforms, namely, TGF-β1 to TGF-β3. TGF-β1 is the most abundant isoform quantified in humans [8]
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