In vivo effects of interleukin-1 beta on blood leukocytes in BB rats prone or resistant to diabetes.

Abstract

Previous studies have determined that daily low dose injections of the potent cytokine interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) decreased the frequency of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in diabetes-prone (DP) BB rats. In contrast, high dose injections induced an earlier than normal onset. In this study we tested whether the effects of daily human recombinant IL-1 beta injections on leukocyte subsets were associated with its modulation of IDDM onset in BB rats. Prior to the onset of IDDM in DP BB rats, high dose IL-1 beta induced leukocytosis (P less than 0.05), neutrophilia (P less than 0.01), and monocytosis (P less than 0.001). At the onset of IDDM, lymphocyte (P less than 0.01) and neutrophil (P less than 0.001) numbers were increased in high dose treated DP rats but not in rats given saline or low dose IL-1 beta. In 60-day-old diabetes-resistant (DR) BB rats, neurophilia was induced by both low (P less than 0.05) and high (P less than 0.001) dose IL-1 beta without the development of IDDM. At 130 days of age, when the rats were killed, it was discovered that 14/22 (64%) IL-1 beta injected DR rats developed neutralizing IL-1 beta antibodies. Significantly lower neutrophil numbers were observed in high dose DR rats which developed IL-1 beta antibodies compared with those which did not (P = 0.032). Thus, neutrophilia was dissociated from high IL-1 beta acceleration of IDDM onset.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)