Abstract
This work investigates the in vivo dielectric properties of healthy and benign rat mammary tissues in an attempt to expand the dielectric property knowledge of animal models. The outcomes of this study can enable testing of microwave medical technologies on animal models and interpretation of tissue alteration-dependent in vivo dielectric properties of mammary tissues. Towards this end, in vivo dielectric properties of healthy rat mammary tissues and chemically induced benign rat mammary tumors including low-grade adenosis, sclerosing adenosis, and adenosis were collected with open-ended coaxial probes from 500 MHz to 18 GHz. The in vivo measurements revealed that the dielectric properties of benign rat mammary tumors are higher than the healthy rat mammary tissues by 9.3% to 35.5% and 19.6% to 48.7% for relative permittivity and conductivity, respectively. Furthermore, to our surprise, we found that the grade of the benign tissue affects the dielectric properties for this study. Finally, a comparison with ex vivo healthy human mammary tissue dielectric properties revealed that the healthy rat mammary tissues best replicate the dielectric properties of healthy medium density human samples.
Highlights
Different animal tissues have been studied in the literature to both establish dielectric property models and to understand the dielectric property behavior of different tissue types
This study reports in vivo dielectric property measurements of rat healthy mammary and benign tissues to
Testing of microwave medical devices is limited to phantom materials and ideally such devices
Summary
Different animal tissues have been studied in the literature to both establish dielectric property models and to understand the dielectric property behavior of different tissue types These studies reported a well established body of dielectric property knowledge for variety of tissues, there is still a need to expand this knowledge to understand disease-dependent in vivo dielectric property behavior of tissues and to enable animal testing of microwave medical devices. Reported studies include a large number of tissue types collected from rat, mouse, cattle, and swine under various measurement conditions for different applications. In [5], ultrawideband dielectric properties of healthy swine liver, swine muscle, swine fat, and blood at increasing temperatures were reported with the motivation to enable microwave ablation and hyperthermia applications. The dielectric properties of healthy and diseased rat liver was studied to enable microwave biopsy and Sensors 2020, 20, 2214; doi:10.3390/s20082214 www.mdpi.com/journal/sensors
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