In Vivo Diagnostic Real-time Wireless Sensing of Glucose in Human Urine and Live Fish Deep Brain Cells

Abstract

Background: A method for the diagnosis of glucose was developed using square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). Objective: With mercury immobilized onto the carbon nanotube using a handmade paste electrode (HgPE). In this study, the method of modification probe was first tried directly on live cells and untreated human urine. Methods: The optimized results indicated a sensitive peak signal of glucose on the HgPE. Curves were obtained within a concentration range of 10ngL-1~14mgL-1 with a preconcentration time of 100 sec. Results: The observed relative standard deviation (RSD) was 0.279 (n=15), with a glucose concentration of 1 ugL-1 under optimum conditions and a 50-sec accumulation. A low detection limit (S/N) of 0.6 ngL-1 (2.99×10-12 M) was also attained, which is better sensitive than other methods of 58 M, 7 uM, 2×10-6M, 0.13 mg/ml, 8 mM, 40 mM. Conclusion: The final results indicate that the method could be applied to the diagnosis of glucose in human urine and deep live fish brain cells in real-time using wireless, and the method can be used in assays, in vivo and in real-time, without requiring any pretreatment and other pharmaceutical or medicinal analysis, as well as other materials requiring diagnostic analyses.