In vivo demyelinating activity of sera from animals with chronic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: Antibody nature of the demyelinating factor and the role of complement

Abstract

Sera from guinea pigs and rats with chronic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis were injected into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of normal recipient rats. Guinea pig sera induced demyelination in the central and (or) peripheral nervous system, whereas injection of rat sera resulted in demyelination in the peripheral nervous system only. Control sera did not induce demyelination. Demyelinating activity in guinea pig sera was confined to the IgG-fraction; in rat sera the IgG- as well as the IgM-fraction were able to induce demyelination. The demyelinating activity was abolished when the sera were absorbed with the sensitising antigen (guinea pig spinal cord tissue) or when immunoglobulins were removed from the sera. When chronic EAE sera from rats were injected into the CSF of rats, complement was not required for the induction of demyelination. The presence of complement, however, augmented the demyelinating activity. Decomplemented chronic EAE sera from guinea pigs failed to induce demyelination after injection into the CSF of rats. Injection of control and non-demyelinating or demyelinating EAE sera into the subarachnoid space of normal recipient rats induced a weak inflammatory response with increased numbers of large mononuclear cells in the meninges. It is discussed that in vivo a complex interaction of antibodies, complement and effector cells is responsible for induction of demyelination.