Abstract
Electrical stimulation is used in order to restore nerve mediated functions in patients with neurological disorders, but its applicability is constrained by the invasiveness of the systems required to perform it. As an alternative to implantable systems consisting of central stimulation units wired to the stimulation electrodes, networks of wireless microstimulators have been devised for fine movement restoration. Miniaturization of these microstimulators is currently hampered by the available methods for powering them. Previously, we have proposed and demonstrated a heterodox electrical stimulation method based on electronic rectification of high frequency current bursts. These bursts can be delivered through textile electrodes on the skin. This approach has the potential to result in an unprecedented level of miniaturization as no bulky parts such as coils or batteries are included in the implant. We envision microstimulators designs based on application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) that will be flexible, thread-like (diameters < 0.5 mm) and not only with controlled stimulation capabilities but also with sensing capabilities for artificial proprioception. We in vivo demonstrate that neuroprostheses composed of addressable microstimulators based on this electrical stimulation method are feasible and can perform controlled charge-balanced electrical stimulation of muscles. We developed miniature external circuit prototypes connected to two bipolar probes that were percutaneously implanted in agonist and antagonist muscles of the hindlimb of an anesthetized rabbit. The electronic implant architecture was able to decode commands that were amplitude modulated on the high frequency (1 MHz) auxiliary current bursts. The devices were capable of independently stimulating the target tissues, accomplishing controlled dorsiflexion and plantarflexion joint movements. In addition, we numerically show that the high frequency current bursts comply with safety standards both in terms of tissue heating and unwanted electro-stimulation. We demonstrate that addressable microstimulators powered by rectification of epidermically applied currents are feasible.
Highlights
The accumulated knowledge on the physiological principles behind sensory and motor neurons has opened the path to design medical devices that purposely apply electrical currents to elicit neural activity
The function of an impaired nervous system can be replaced or improved [1]. This therapeutic approach, known as Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES), has a tremendous potential to offer solutions for patients with neurological disorders caused by ailments such as spinal cord injury and stroke, among others
A slight charge mismatch was present at the end of the biphasic pulse but it was later passively balanced by the dcblocking capacitor
Summary
The accumulated knowledge on the physiological principles behind sensory and motor neurons has opened the path to design medical devices that purposely apply electrical currents to elicit neural activity. In this way, the function of an impaired nervous system can be replaced or improved [1]. The function of an impaired nervous system can be replaced or improved [1] This therapeutic approach, known as Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES), has a tremendous potential to offer solutions for patients with neurological disorders caused by ailments such as spinal cord injury and stroke, among others. They include systems for bladder and bowel control, as the Finetech-Brindley sacral root stimulator [5,6]; superficial FES devices for foot-drop, as the NESS L300 from Bioness [7]; and neuroprostheses for standing and walking, which are still under research [8]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
