Abstract
The degree of in vivo compatibility between the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuillemin (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) and castor oil is important, as the interaction can be additive, synergistic or antagonistic. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the in vivo compatibility between castor oil and B. bassiana on the coffee berry borer. The CCA-UFES/Bb-4 isolate of B. bassiana was used in concentrations of 0.0 (control), 1 x 104, 1 x 105,1 x 106 and 1 x 107 conidia mL-1. The concentrations of castor oil were: 0.0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0% v v-1. The total and confirmed mortality were evaluated, and data submitted to variance analysis. To verify the effect of B. bassiana and castor oil concentrations, the data were submitted to regression analysis at 5% probability. Castor oil had an antagonistic effect on B. bassiana reducing the mortality of coffee berry borer. The mortality of H. hampei reduced caused by interaction between B. bassiana and castor oil, due to increasing concentration of castor oil. Lower interference of castor oil was observed for high concentrations of B. bassiana. Based on the results, management of H. hampei cannot be normally performed using the association between castor bean oil and B. bassiana, except if the economic viability of the higher concentrations justified. Key words: Ricinus communis; Botanical insecticides; Biological control; Phytosanitary pest management; Coffee crop.
Highlights
Coffee (Coffea arabica L. and Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner) is the tropical agricultural product most exported in the world and in 2015 the global coffee industry generated approximately 200 billion dollars (International Coffee Organization - OIC, 2019 Samper; Giovannucci; Vieira, 2020)
The results obtained in this bioassay showed interaction between B. bassiana concentration and castor oil concentration on total and confirmed mortality of coffee berry borer (Figure 1, Figure 2)
For 1 x 105 and 1 x 106 conidia mL-1, the total and confirmed mortality of H. hampei fitted to linear model, where mortality reduced due to increasing castor oil concentration (Figure 1)
Summary
Coffee (Coffea arabica L. and Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner) is the tropical agricultural product most exported in the world and in 2015 the global coffee industry generated approximately 200 billion dollars (International Coffee Organization - OIC, 2019 Samper; Giovannucci; Vieira, 2020). The coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), is one of the most important biotic factors that negatively affects coffee planting (Vega et al, 2014) This pest destructs fruits, reduces weight of beans, changes coffee type, classification and beverage taste (Vega et al, 2009). Chemical method is the main used by farmers, it presents several problems, such as an insufficient number of active ingredients, leading to the selection of resistant strains, and to low efficiency (Campos et al, 2019; MAPA, 2020b) It can cause environmental problems, such as elimination of beneficial fauna and increasing contamination of soil, water, atmosphere and living beings (Molina et al, 2014; Campos et al, 2019)
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