In Vivo Bone Regeneration Induced by a Scaffold of Chitosan/Dicarboxylic Acid Seeded with Human Periodontal Ligament Cells.

Teerawat Sukpaita,Suwabun Chirachanchai,Ruchanee Salingcarnboriboon Ampornaramveth,Atiphan Pimkhaokham,Pornchanok Suwattanachai,Vincent Everts

doi:10.3390/ijms20194883

Abstract

Chitosan/dicarboxylic acid (CS/DA) scaffold has been developed as a bone tissue engineering material. This study evaluated a CS/DA scaffold with and without seeded primary human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) in its capacity to regenerate bone in calvarial defects of mice. The osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs was analyzed by bone nodule formation and gene expression. In vivo bone regeneration was analyzed in mice calvarial defects. Eighteen mice were divided into 3 groups: one group with empty defects, one group with defects with CS/DA scaffold, and a group with defects with CS/DA scaffold and with hPDLCs. After 6 and 12 weeks, new bone formation was assessed using microcomputed tomography (Micro-CT) and histology. CS/DA scaffold significantly promoted in vitro osteoblast-related gene expression (RUNX2, OSX, COL1, ALP, and OPN) by hPDLCs. Micro-CT revealed that CS/DA scaffolds significantly promoted in vivo bone regeneration both after 6 and 12 weeks (p < 0.05). Histological examination confirmed these findings. New bone formation was observed in defects with CS/DA scaffold; being similar with and without hPDLCs. CS/DA scaffolds can be used as a bone regenerative material with good osteoinductive/osteoconductive properties.

Highlights

After tooth loss, the resorption of the alveolar process is a frequently occurring phenomenon
3.IDnitshciusssstiuodny, we demonstrated the regenerative capability of a 3D porous Chitosan/Dicarboxylic Acid (CS/DA) scaffold with and withInouthtissesetdueddy,hwPDe dLeCms oinnsmtroautesde tchaelvraergieanl edreafteivctesc. aWpaebfioliutyndofthaa3tDthpeoCroSu/Ds CASs/cDaAffoslcdafwfoalsdawbiltehto proamnodtewbitohnoeuftosremedaetidonhP; aDnLeCffseicnt mfoouunsde eciatlhvearriwalitdhefoercwts.itWhoeuftohuPndDLthCast.thTehiCsSi/sDaAfirssctafrfeopldorwt taos asbsless thetoospteroogmeontiec binodnuecftoiormn aptoiotenn; taianleofffeactCfSo/uDnAd seciathffeorldwwithithorawndithwoiutht ohuPtDsLeeCdse. dThsitsemis caeflilrss.tOrespteoorgt etonic diffaesrseenstsiathtieonosotefo(gsteenmic)icnedlulsctsieoendpeodteonntiaalsocaf ffaoCldS/hDaAs bsceaefnfocldonwsiidtheraenddawkiethyoiustsuseeeddeetdersmteminicnegllsth. e sucOcesstseoingenneiwc dbioffneerefnotrimatiaotnionof[2(0st]e. mYe)t,ceolulsr sdeaetdaeddemononastsrcaatfefotlhdathaalssobienenthceoanbssidenerceedofackeellys siesseudeed on the scaffold bone formation occurs
The latter report demonstrated that human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) can survive and participate in new bone formation in calvarial defects of the mice [21]

Summary

Introduction

The resorption of the alveolar process is a frequently occurring phenomenon. Insufficient volume of alveolar bone at the extraction site often impairs the placement of both traditional dentures and dental implants [1,2]. Alveolar ridge preservation methods have been introduced to maintain a sufficient ridge contour in extraction areas. Alveolar ridge preservation can be accomplished by grafting sockets with autografts, allografts, xenografts, and/or alloplasts. Each of these approaches has its limitations, some are even far from ideal since the material may not successfully be replaced by bone for years. Development of reliable bone tissue engineering materials is crucial for alveolar ridge preservation [3,4,5]

Methods

Results

Conclusion