Abstract
Guided bone regeneration involves excluding non-osteogenic cells from the surrounding soft tissues and allowing osteogenic cells originating from native bone to inhabit the defect. The aim of this work was to fabricate, analyze antibiofilm activity and evaluate in vivo biological response of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) electrospun membranes incorporated with tea tree oil and furan-2(5H)-one. Samples were exposed to Streptococcus mutans culture and after 48 h incubation, biofilm was evaluated by colony forming units (CFU/mL) followed by scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, seventy-five Balb-C mice were divided into five experimental groups for subcutaneous implantation: tea tree oil loaded PLGA electrospun fiber membrane, furanone loaded PLGA electrospun fiber membrane, neat PLGA electrospun fiber membrane, a commercially available PLGA membrane –Pratix® and Sham (no-membrane implantation). Post implantation period of each experimental group (1, 3 and 9 weeks), samples were collected and processed for by histological descriptive and semiquantitative evaluation. Results showed a significant reduction of bacterial attachment on tea tree oil and furan-2(5H)-one incorporated membranes. Macrophage counts were significant found in all the materials implanted, although giant cells were predominantly associated with electrospun fiber membranes. The incorporation of antibiofilm compounds in nanofibers membranes did not incite inflammatory response significantly different in comparison with pure PLGA electrospun membranes, indicating its potential for development of novel functionalized membranes targeting the inhibition of bacterial biofilms on membrane-grafting materials.
Highlights
Augmentations of alveolar ridge defects, implant wound healing and regeneration of periodontal tissue defects may represent few clinical scenarios of bone tissue insufficiency in which guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique has proved to be a very suitable treatment
Electrospinning processing parameters were optimized at a flow rate 2 mL/h, voltage of 13 kV and distance of 15 cm and the produced membranes were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
The average fiber diameters of PLGA loaded with tea tree essential oil, PLGA loaded with furanone, and pure PLGA fiber membranes were 0.78 ± 0.14, 0.63 ± 0.15 and
Summary
Augmentations of alveolar ridge defects, implant wound healing and regeneration of periodontal tissue defects may represent few clinical scenarios of bone tissue insufficiency in which guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique has proved to be a very suitable treatment. In such bone repair method, membrane-grafting materials association can establish a protected environment for blood clot and competent regenerative cells by the interposition of a physical barrier between the soft tissues of the flap and the osseous defect and allow the angiogenesis and osteogenesis [1,2,3,4,5]. Electrospun fibers stimulate positive cell–ECM interactions, support cell attachment, enhance proliferation rate, maintain cell phenotype, and activate cell-signaling pathways by providing physical and chemical stimuli to cells [14]
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