Abstract
Autologous bone grafts, used mainly in extensive bone loss, are considered the gold standard treatment in regenerative medicine, but still have limitations mainly in relation to the amount of bone available, donor area, morbidity and creation of additional surgical area. This fact encourages tissue engineering in relation to the need to develop new biomaterials, from sources other than the individual himself. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of an elastin and collagen matrix on the bone repair process in critical size defects in rat calvaria. The animals (Wistar rats, n = 30) were submitted to a surgical procedure to create the bone defect and were divided into three groups: Control Group (CG, n = 10), defects filled with blood clot; E24/37 Group (E24/37, n = 10), defects filled with bovine elastin matrix hydrolyzed for 24 h at 37 °C and C24/25 Group (C24/25, n = 10), defects filled with porcine collagen matrix hydrolyzed for 24 h at 25 °C. Macroscopic and radiographic analyses demonstrated the absence of inflammatory signs and infection. Microtomographical 2D and 3D images showed centripetal bone growth and restricted margins of the bone defect. Histologically, the images confirmed the pattern of bone deposition at the margins of the remaining bone and without complete closure by bone tissue. In the morphometric analysis, the groups E24/37 and C24/25 (13.68 ± 1.44; 53.20 ± 4.47, respectively) showed statistically significant differences in relation to the CG (5.86 ± 2.87). It was concluded that the matrices used as scaffolds are biocompatible and increase the formation of new bone in a critical size defect, with greater formation in the polymer derived from the intestinal serous layer of porcine origin (C24/25).
Highlights
The increasing occurrence of bone disorders such as high-energy fractures, congenital deformities, osteomyelitis, osteometabolic diseases and neoplasms that require reconstructive surgical interventions, stimulated the search for new therapies considering the limitations of natural bone regeneration in situations with marked loss of bone mass [1,2].The autologous graft remains the gold standard in reconstructive surgical treatments, as it presents characteristics of osteoinduction, osteogenesis and osteoconduction in the regenerative process
Collagen matrixmatrix derived from hydrolyzed porcineporcine intesti(A-A
There was no significant difference between all groups when evaluating the total volume (TV) of the surgically created bone defect
Summary
The autologous graft remains the gold standard in reconstructive surgical treatments, as it presents characteristics of osteoinduction, osteogenesis and osteoconduction in the regenerative process. It has some limitations such as limited volume of the donor area according to the surgical site, and clinical complications [3]. Tissue bioengineering has advanced in research to develop bone substitutes that meet microstructural needs, providing a favorable microenvironment for the morphofunctional restoration of original tissue [4,5] In view of these requirements, several biomaterials have been highlighted in reconstructive surgery and regenerative medicine due to the ability to mimic tissue microstructure, allowing reactions inherent to the extracellular matrix and in the regulation of cellular phenotypes. Polymeric matrices, natural or synthetic, have shown satisfactory preclinical and clinical results [6]
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