Abstract
The antiplasmodial property of ethanol extracts of Cassia alata leaf and Phyllantus amarus (whole plant) was evaluated. Besides, effects of the extracts on certain biochemical parameters were also investigated in this study using mice. The extracts demonstrated significant antimalarial effects with the leaf of C. alata causing a reduction in parasitaemia (from 8.02±0.0 to 2.79±0.01), while the extract of P. amarus equally caused a decrease in the parasitemia from 8.01±0.03 to 3.96±0.01. The reduction in parasitemia observed for both plants extracts were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the reference drug. On the seventh day of this study, biochemical analyses were done to assess the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), urea, creatinine and triacylglyceride as indices of liver and renal functions, respectively. A significant decrease (P < 0.05) and an increase (P < 0.05) in the serum ALT and triacylglyceride respectively were observed in the treated mice. However, there was no significant change noticed in the serum AST for the groups treated with extracts. There was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) noted in the serum urea level for the group treated with C. alata. Whereas, a reduction in the serum ALP level was seen for both plant groups, it was significant (P< 0.05) only in the P. amarus group. Thus, the study has shown that extracts of both plants posses’ significant (P< 0.05) suppressive effects against P. berghei infection in Swiss albino mice, and has also confirmed their traditional usages for the treatment of malaria.
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