Abstract
By-products of Capsicum chinense Jacq., var Jaguar could be a source of bioactive compounds. Therefore, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect, antioxidant activity, and their relationship with the polyphenol content of extracts of habanero pepper by-products obtained from plants grown on black or red soils of Yucatán, Mexico. Moreover, the impact of the type of extraction on their activities was evaluated. The dry by-product extracts were obtained by maceration (ME), Soxhlet (SOX), and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). Afterward, the in vivo anti-inflammatory effect (TPA-induced ear inflammation) and the in vitro antioxidant activity (ABTS) were evaluated. Finally, the polyphenolic content was quantified by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC), and its correlation with both bioactivities was analyzed. The results showed that the SFE extract of stems of plants grown on red soil yielded the highest anti-inflammatory effect (66.1 ± 3.1%), while the extracts obtained by ME and SOX had the highest antioxidant activity (2.80 ± 0.0052 mM Trolox equivalent) and polyphenol content (3280 ± 15.59 mg·100 g−1 dry basis), respectively. A negative correlation between the anti-inflammatory effect, the antioxidant activity, and the polyphenolic content was found. Overall, the present study proposed C. chinense by-products as a valuable source of compounds with anti-inflammatory effect and antioxidant activity.
Highlights
Introduction iationsNowadays, numerous anti-inflammatory agents are used to relieve the aches and pain of everyday life, as well as for the treatment of the symptoms of many diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and psoriasis
Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Extracts Obtained by Maceration
Comparison of the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Extracts Obtained by Maceration (ME), Soxhlet (SOX), and Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE)
Summary
Numerous anti-inflammatory agents are used to relieve the aches and pain of everyday life, as well as for the treatment of the symptoms of many diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and psoriasis. These include drugs such as ibuprofen, indomethacin, diclofenac, and naproxen. The development of novel, effective and safe anti-inflammatory agents has been a continuously desirable goal. Many scientific investigations have been performed over the years searching for anti-inflammatory compounds from natural sources. There is a consensus on the beneficial effects on human wellness of a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, as sources of polyphenolic compounds, such as quercetin, Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland
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