Abstract
Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. (Annonaceae) is a typical species from the Brazilian cerrado that presents medicinal properties. The plant is distinguished by its large white flowers which produce a pleasant fragrance. X. aromatica is characterized by a wide range of medicinal application. These characteristics have motivated us to investigate the flowers volatile organic compounds (VOCs) via in vivo and in vitro protocols by a headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS‑SPME) technique combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC‑MS). Four different fibers, extraction times and temperatures were the parameters changed to lead to the maximum profiling of the volatile constituents. Data were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). A total of 77 VOCs were extracted from the floral scent, with 52 and 68 extracted from in vivo and in vitro sampling, respectively, of which 48 were reported for the first time in the literature as volatile constituents from X. aromatica flowers. The extraction and identification of VOCs were successfully performed through HS-SPME/GC-MS. The PCA data allowed the identification of parameters that led to the maximum number of VOCs, which were polyacrylate (PA) and carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS) fibers, 60 min extraction time and temperature of 29.0 °C. Among the volatile constituents identified, sesquiterpenes predominated, comprising about 61.04%.
Highlights
Annonaceae is a large family of aromatic trees, shrubs, or climbers broadly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, and which comprises more than 130 genera and 2,300 species.[1,2] With considerable economic importance, this family has species that produce edible fruits, such as custard apple (Annona squamosa L.), soursop (Annona muricata L.) and numerous odorous species
It is known that to guarantee the extraction of the largest possible number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the variables need to be carefully investigated and optimized
When a longer extraction time (120 min) was used, the desorption of the volatile constituents in most of the fibers resulted in a reduction in the number of VOCs
Summary
Annonaceae is a large family of aromatic trees, shrubs, or climbers broadly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, and which comprises more than 130 genera and 2,300 species.[1,2] With considerable economic importance, this family has species that produce edible fruits, such as custard apple (Annona squamosa L.), soursop (Annona muricata L.) and numerous odorous species. This work investigated four different fibers, extraction times and temperatures for maximum extraction of volatile constituents from the flowers of X. aromatica via in vivo and in vitro techniques.
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