In Vivo and in Vitro Effects of Secondary Metabolites against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris

Pablo Velasco,Pilar Soengas,María Cartea,Margarita Lema,Marta Francisco

doi:10.3390/molecules180911131

Pablo Velasco, Pilar Soengas + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules180911131

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Abstract

Brassica rapa is a crucifer that is grown worldwide, mainly as a vegetable. The quality of B. rapa crops is highly affected by the disease caused by the bacteria Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc). Glucosinolates and phenolic compounds can confer resistance to Brassica crops against pests and diseases, but few works have been done to evaluate their role in Xcc resistance. The objectives of this work were: (1) to evaluate the in vivo and in vitro antibacterial effect of gluconapin, its isothiocyanate and the methanolic extracts of B. rapa against the type 4 of Xcc, and (2) to test if there is induced resistance mediated by glucosinolates or phenolic compounds in two varieties of B. rapa. Gluconapin and its ITC varieties had an antibacterial effect on the development of Xanthomonas and this effect was strongly dependent on the concentration applied. Methanolic extracts from B. rapa, containing glucosinolates and phenolic compounds, inhibited the growth of these bacteria. Concentration of gluconapin is higher in resistant plants than in the susceptible ones and there is an induction of gluconapin, some flavonoids and sinapic acid 48 to 72 h after inoculation. Gluconapin plays a role in the constitutive resistance to Xcc, while gluconapin, some flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids are induced by a Xcc infection but it is not clear if this induction confers resistance to this disease.

Highlights

IntroductionBrassica rapa L. is a crucifer that is grown worldwide, mainly as a vegetable and for edible and industrial oil, providing a large proportion of the daily food intake in many regions of the World.Different crops are grown for their leaves (turnip greens, Chinese cabbage, pak-choi, Narinosa, Komatsuna, Mizuna, Mibuna), seeds (turnip rape, Chinese turnip rape, Sarson types), inflorescences (Broccoletto, Cima di rapa, Caixin), floral shoots and stems (turnip tops, Zicaitai), and enlarged roots (turnips)
Brassica rapa L. is a crucifer that is grown worldwide, mainly as a vegetable and for edible and industrial oil, providing a large proportion of the daily food intake in many regions of the World.Different crops are grown for their leaves, seeds, inflorescences (Broccoletto, Cima di rapa, Caixin), floral shoots and stems, and enlarged roots
The seedborne pathogen can survive in crop debris or crucifer weeds and it is especially damaging in vegetable Brassica crops like B. rapa, mainly in warm and humid climates [4]

Summary

Introduction

Brassica rapa L. is a crucifer that is grown worldwide, mainly as a vegetable and for edible and industrial oil, providing a large proportion of the daily food intake in many regions of the World.Different crops are grown for their leaves (turnip greens, Chinese cabbage, pak-choi, Narinosa, Komatsuna, Mizuna, Mibuna), seeds (turnip rape, Chinese turnip rape, Sarson types), inflorescences (Broccoletto, Cima di rapa, Caixin), floral shoots and stems (turnip tops, Zicaitai), and enlarged roots (turnips). Brassica rapa L. is a crucifer that is grown worldwide, mainly as a vegetable and for edible and industrial oil, providing a large proportion of the daily food intake in many regions of the World. China is the major Brassica producer in the World, accounting for more than 41.1 million t in 2010. This country, together with other Asian countries, cultivates mainly B. rapa crops, which reflects the importance of this vegetable [2,3]. The disease debilitates the plant, favoring the attack of other pathogens but even in mild attack, can cause several V-shaped necrotic lesions on leaves, which decrease the quality of the product for fresh market

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