Abstract
BackgroundDespite Cryptostegia grandiflora Roxb. ex R. Br. (Apocynaceae) leaves are widely used in folk Caribbean Colombian medicine for their anti-inflammatory effects, there are no studies that support this traditional use. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the effect of the total extract and primary fractions obtained from Cryptostegia grandiflora leaves, using in vivo and in vitro models of inflammation, and further get new insights on the mechanisms involved in this activity.ResultsEthanolic extract of Cryptostegia grandiflora leaves, and its corresponding ether and dichloromethane fractions, significantly reduced inflammation and myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) in ear tissue of mice treated with 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Histological analysis revealed a reduction of edema and leukocyte infiltration. Complementarily, we demonstrated that extract and fractions reduced nitric oxide (NO•) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, as well as scavenging activity on DPPH and ABTS radicals.ConclusionsOur results demonstrated for the first time the anti-inflammatory activity of Cryptostegia grandiflora leaves, supporting its traditional use. This activity was related to inhibition of MPO activity, and PGE2 and NO• production. These mechanisms and its antioxidant activity could contribute, at least in part, to the anti-inflammatory effect showed by this plant.
Highlights
IntroductionThis work aimed to evaluate the effect of the total extract and primary fractions obtained from Cryptostegia grandiflora leaves, using in vivo and in vitro models of inflammation, and further get new insights on the mechanisms involved in this activity
Br. (Apocynaceae) on inflammatory conditions, which was revealed by ethnobotanical studies conducted by research groups at the University of Cartagena in the Colombian Caribbean region, and that no information is available about its topical anti-inflammatory properties, we investigated the effect of the total ethanolic extract and primary fractions obtained from the leaves of this plant using a murine model of topical inflammation
To further get new insights into the possible mechanisms involved in this activity, we evaluated the effect on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and NO production, myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) activity and scavenging of the free radicals DPPH, ABTS, and NO
Summary
This work aimed to evaluate the effect of the total extract and primary fractions obtained from Cryptostegia grandiflora leaves, using in vivo and in vitro models of inflammation, and further get new insights on the mechanisms involved in this activity. Harmful stimuli to body, such as pathogens, damaged cells or physical injury, are able to trigger an inflammatory response. When this response is persistent, chronic inflammation appears as an undesirable phenomenon that can lead to the development of severe diseases such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease and neurodegenerative disorders, which represent an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide [1,2,3]. Limited scientific evidence regarding to the effectiveness of natural bioactive derivatives, in addition to a limited understanding of the mechanisms of action related with their biological activity, has limited its incorporation into clinical practice [8,9,10]
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