Abstract
Viruses can be involved in respiratory disorders in horses, with limited therapeutic options. Citrate-complexed silver nanoparticles (C–AgNP) have shown bactericidal properties after in vitro nebulization. The aim of the present study was to assess the virucidal activity of C–AgNP after in vitro instillation or nebulization on equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) and murine norovirus (MNV), the latter used as surrogate for small non-enveloped viruses. Both viruses were instilled or nebulized with C–AgNP of increasing concentrations, and titres were determined via TCID50 method. We demonstrated efficient inactivation of enveloped EHV-1 following instillation and nebulization of C–AgNP (infectivity losses of ≥ three orders of magnitude). While tenacious MNV was inactivated via 2000 ppm C–AgNP instillation, nebulized C–AgNP did not lead to reduction in MNV titres. Nebulization of C–AgNP may represent a novel virucidal therapeutic approach in horses. Further investigations are needed to assess its safety and effective concentrations for in vivo use.
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