Abstract
BackgroundIn this study, we suggested characterizing the vasodilator effects and the phytochemical characteristics of a plant with food usage also used in traditional treatment of arterial high blood pressure in Senegal.MethodsVascular effects of crude extract of dried and powdered calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa were evaluated on isolated thoracic aorta of male Wistar rats on organ chambers. The crude extract was also enriched by liquid-liquid extraction. The various cyclohexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol extracts obtained as well as the residual marc were subjected to Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The different methanolic eluate fractions were then analyzed by Thin Layer (TLC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and their vascular effects also evaluated.ResultsThe H. Sabdariffa crude extract induced mainly endothelium-dependent relaxant effects. The endothelium-dependent relaxations result from NOS activation and those who not dependent to endothelium from activation of smooth muscle potassium channels. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenolic acids in the ethyl acetate extract and anthocyans in the butanolic extract. The biological efficiency of the various studied extracts, in term of vasorelaxant capacity, showed that: Butanol extract > Crude extract > Residual marc > Ethyl acetate extract. These results suggest that the strong activity of the butanolic extract is essentially due to the presence of anthocyans found in its fractions 43-67.ConclusionThese results demonstrate the vasodilator potential of hibiscus sabdariffa and contribute to his valuation as therapeutic alternative.
Highlights
In this study, we suggested characterizing the vasodilator effects and the phytochemical characteristics of a plant with food usage used in traditional treatment of arterial high blood pressure in Senegal
Regulatory mechanisms of the hibiscus sabdariffa crude extract-induced relaxation In order to characterize mechanisms involved in the relaxing effects of hibiscus sabdariffa, we conducted vascular reactivity experiments using isolated rat thoracic aortic rings treated or not with inhibitors
- Influence of the endothelium as shown in Figure 1A, Hibiscus sabdariffa crude extract leads to a weak relaxation (Emax: 23,93% ± 0,48) of aortic rings without endothelium
Summary
We suggested characterizing the vasodilator effects and the phytochemical characteristics of a plant with food usage used in traditional treatment of arterial high blood pressure in Senegal. Cardiovascular pathologies complications (myocardial infarction, stroke...) constitute one of the most important causes of mortality and morbidity in the world [1,2,3] These complications, often facilitated by arterial high blood pressure, appear among the main causes of death in Africa. Previous studies led by numerous groups of researchers [6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14] had already reported scientific proof of the antihypertensive effects traditionally attributed to H. sabdariffa If these studies allowed demonstrating the therapeutic potential of this plant, so in vitro as in vivo, the underlying mechanisms involved as well as the phytochemical compounds responsible for these effects were not fully documented. By combining technical preparation (extraction, enrichment, fractionation) and phytochemical characterization (TLC, HPLC) combined with biological characterization methods (organ bath), we strived to identify the phytochemical compounds and estimate their vasorelaxant effects
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