In Vitro Tumor Cell Growth Inhibition Induced by Lophocereus marginatus (DC.) S. Arias and Terrazas Endophytic Fungi Extracts.

Jesica M Ramírez-Villalobos,Karla S Morán-Santibañez,Ricardo Gomez-Flores,Patricia Tamez-Guerra,César I Romo-Sáenz,Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla,Alonso A Orozco-Flores,Ricardo Romero-Arguelles,Ramiro Quintanilla-Licea,Reyes Tamez-Guerra

doi:10.3390/ijerph18189917

Jesica M Ramírez-Villalobos, Karla S Morán-Santibañez + Show 8 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189917

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Abstract

Endophytic fungi have become potential sources of antitumor agents, particularly against antineoplastic-resistant cancer cells, with marginal or nil adverse effects for the oncological patient. Endophytic fungi were isolated from stems of the Lophocereus marginatus cactus, commonly found in Mexico. Methanol extracts were then obtained from fungus liquid cultures and their effects on tumor cell growth against murine lymphoma (L5178Y-R), human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29), and human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells were evaluated at concentrations ranging from 31 µg/mL to 250 µg/mL via the colorimetric 3- [4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide reduction assay, using monkey kidney epithelial (MA-104) and human peripheral mononuclear (PBMC) cells as controls. Furthermore, we obtained the IC50 and the selectivity index (SI) was calculated from the IC50 ratio of normal and tumor cells. In addition, molecular identification of fungi showing cytotoxic activity was determined, using internal transcribed spacer molecular markers. PME-H001, PME-H002, PME-H005, PME-H007, and PME-H008 filamentous fungus strain extracts showed significant (p < 0.05) tumor cell growth inhibition. In particular, they significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited L5178Y-R cell growth, whereas the least susceptible cell line was HT-29. The endophytic strain PME-H008 of Cladosporium sp. caused the highest growth inhibition percentage against L5178Y-R and HT-29 cells with 96.6% (p < 0.01) and 42.5% (p < 0.05) respectively, and the highest SIs against L5178Y-R cells with 2.4 and 2.9 for MA-104 and PBMCs, respectively, whereas the PME-H005 extract showed SIs of 2.77 and 1.5 against MCF-7 and L5178Y-R cells, respectively, as compared with PBMCs. In addition, the endophytic strain PME-H007 of Metarhizium anisopliae caused the highest percentage of growth inhibition (p < 0.01) against MCF-7 cells with 55.8% at 250 µg/mL. We demonstrated in vitro antitumor effects of L. marginatus endophytic fungi. Further research will involve the isolation and in vivo testing of bioactive compounds.

Highlights

Introduction distributed under the terms andIn 2020, around 9.9 million deaths by cancer were reported in the GLOBOCAN database [1], despite the existence of a variety of therapeutic approaches [2]
One part was placed on the surface of Petri dishes containing potato dextrose agar (PDA; Difco, Detroit, MI, USA), Sabouraud dextrose agar (SA; Difco), and water agar containing
We isolated filamentous fungi from L. marginatus stems, but only data of endophytic fungus strains with cytotoxic activity are shown

Summary

Introduction

In 2020, around 9.9 million deaths by cancer were reported in the GLOBOCAN database [1], despite the existence of a variety of therapeutic approaches [2]. Chemotherapy represents a common treatment, but severe side effects to the patients are usually observed. The emergence of antineoplastic-resistant cancer cells has conditions of the Creative Commons.

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