Abstract

transcription/DNA synthesis using isolated organelle-nuclei provided us with a suitable system for analysis of the mechanisms that regulate the functions of organelle genomes. In this review, I focus on (1) the concept of organelle-nuclei, (2) construction and characterization of an in vitro transcription/DNA synthesis system using isolated organelle-nuclei, (3) analysis of the transcriptional regulation of plastid gene expression with emphasis on the presence of distinct RNA polymerase activities in the plastids, and (4) analysis of the DNA synthesizing apparatus of the plastids and mitochondria, considering the possible interaction during evolution between the organelles.

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