Abstract
Increasing natural ingredient awareness and utilization has created an increased demand for sources of natural medicinal ingredients, including sources of compound used to treat malaria. Streptomyces is a genus of prokaryote well recognized for its production of antibiotics and other pharmaceutically useful compound. This study aimed to assess the ability of unpurified fermentation metabolites to inhibit Plasmodium parasites. A strain of bacteria identified as Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. hygroscopicus strain i18 were isolated from pineapple fields in Lampung province, and was cultured and fermented on liquid synthetic Gause medium for 10 days. The supernatant was separated from the cells and extracted with ethyl acetate-methanol (1:1). Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 was used for antiplasmodial testing. Metabolites were tested qualitatively using a phytochemical approach. Saponins and triterpenoids were found to be present in the extract. Parasite inhibition as measured using probit analysis and yielded an IC50 value of 11.07 g.m/L. These findings suggest further examinations of this extract (e.g. assessment of off-target effects) are warranted.
Highlights
Malaria remains a significant medical challenge, in tropical countries[1]
A strain of bacteria identified as Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. hygroscopicus strain i18 were isolated from pineapple fields in Lampung province, and was cultured and fermented on liquid synthetic Gause medium for 10 days
Plasmodium parasites are responsible for malaria, which is transmitted by the bite of female Anopheles mosquitoes[2]
Summary
Malaria remains a significant medical challenge, in tropical countries[1]. Plasmodium parasites are responsible for malaria, which is transmitted by the bite of female Anopheles mosquitoes[2]. Malaria is often found in tropical coastal and rainforest habitats. It is endemic to Lampung province with a high rate of incidence[3,4]. Better resources for malaria control are needed. Malaria control using a variety of natural ingredients are widely pursued[5], due to increasing resistance to synthetic antimalarial drugs. Exploration for antimalarial natural products has not been limited to plants. Animals and microbes have been assessed[6]. Streptomyces is one of many microbial genera that has long been known for its anti-parasitic and anti-pathogenic metabolites, including antimalarials[7]
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