In-vitro synergistic antibacterial activity of Punganur cow urine on enrofloxacin

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance has emerged as a significant hazard to both livestock and humans. To overcome resistance, the latest trend in antibiotic therapy has been the combination of antibiotics with natural compounds. Indigenous cow urine was believed to have excellent therapeutic importance among numerous natural compounds. As a result, the current investigation was conducted to determine the interaction of Punganur Cow Urine Distillate (PCUD) and Photo Activated Punganur Cow Urine (PAPCU) on enrofloxacin using tube dilution method with MIC as end point. MIC values for enrofloxacin, PCUD, and PAPCU against E. coli were 0.223 µg.ml-1, 26.79 µL and 5.12 µL and S. aureus were 0.837 µg.ml-1, 35.71 µL and 4.91 µL respectively. The MIC of enrofloxacin reduced from 0.223 µg.ml-1 to 0.076 µg.ml-1 in the presence of PAPCU and 0.044 µg.ml-1 in the presence of PCUD against E. coli. The MIC of enrofloxacin against S. aureus was reduced from 0.837 µg.ml-1 to 0.167 µg.ml-1 and 0.153 µg.ml-1 and in the presence of PAPCU and PCUD, respectively. Based on findings, it can be concluded that PAPCU has greater antibacterial activity compared to PCUD when used alone. However, PCUD with enrofloxacin provided superior synergistic action compared to the combination of PAPCU with enrofloxacin.