In Vitro Study Regarding the Biomechanical Behaviour of Bone, Fibre Reinforced Polymer and Wire Composite Perio-dontal Splints. Model Analysis

Raluca Maria Vieriu,Iulia Saveanu,Carmen Savin,Gabriela Ifteni,Dana Gabriela Bosinceanu,Sorina Mihaela Solomon,Oana Taculescu,Florentina Mocanu,Cristina Iordache,Adrian Doloca

doi:10.37358/mp.20.1.5334

Abstract

This paper is the second part of a study regarding the biomechanical behaviour of mandibular bone in the context of different periodontal splinting systems, occlusal forces and load distributions. Electric resistive tensometry method was used to measure the strains developed in mandibular bone replica. The tests were carried out on six mandibular acrylic models, each with 8 natural teeth. The experimental groups were defined corresponding to the bone condition and splint type: normal height bone; bone resorption without splint; bone resorption and wire-composite splint; bone resorption and polyethylene fiber-reinforced composite splint. Each sample was subjected to three similar loading cycles, the force being applied successively on four incisors, two central incisors and canines, and the specific deformation values were read for four loading forces: 30 N, 50 N, 100 N and 150 N. In case of bone loss, the bone deformations are up to 110%. Periodontal splinting redistribute forces, reducing incisors bone strains associated with a slight increase in canine bone strains.

Highlights

Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease of the tissues surrounding the teeth caused by specific microorganisms or groups of specific microorganisms, characterized by gingival inflammation, loss of connective tissue attachment and destruction of alveolar bone [1,2,3]
Regardless of the load values and distribution, strains in bone resorption (BR) group were significantly greater than strains of normal height bone (NHB) group and the groups fiber-reinforced composite splint (FRC) and wire-composite resin (WRC) had intermediate values, but closer to the BR group
In case of bone loss, the bone deformations are up to 110%, regardless of the load value and distribution

Summary

Introduction

Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease of the tissues surrounding the teeth caused by specific microorganisms or groups of specific microorganisms, characterized by gingival inflammation, loss of connective tissue attachment and destruction of alveolar bone [1,2,3]. With the reduction of periodontal attachment, mobility and dental migration appear, resulting in incorrectly distributed occlusal forces, which overload the already affected periodontal system. The treatment of dental mobility in periodontal disease is determined by the degree of bone resorption. For teeth with increased mobility due to widening of periodontal space induced by the adaptation to the functional conditions of mastication, the treatment is a combination of occlusal adjustments and periodontal therapy. For teeth affected by gingival inflammation and increased mobility due to bone resorption, the treatment is a combination of periodontal therapy, occlusal adjustments and teeth immobilization [5,6,7,8,9].

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Conclusion