In vitro study of dentinal tubule penetration and filling quality of bioceramic sealer

Yahui Wang,Yanmei Dong,Siyi Liu,Sompop Bencharit

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0192248

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the dentinal tubule penetration and filling quality of a bioceramic sealer (iRoot SP). Forty-two roots of extracted adult lower incisors were selected. After instrumentation with Protaper Universal to F3, 40 roots were chosen and randomly divided into 4 groups, as follows: iRoot SP single cone group, iRoot SP warm vertical group, AH Plus single cone group, and AH Plus warm vertical group. Before root canal filling, sealers were mixed with Rhodamine B dye for visualization under confocal laser scanning microscope. All samples were sectioned at 2, 4, and 6 mm to apex. Then, the percentages of void areas, gap regions, and segments of sealer that penetrated into dentinal tubules in each section were calculated. Non-parametric test was used for statistical analysis (α = 0.05). We found that filling techniques and types of sealer had no statistically significant effects on the occurrence of voids and gaps. The segments of iRoot SP penetrated into dentinal tubules were statistically more than that of AH Plus in both single cone and warm vertical techniques at 2 mm to apex (P < 0.05). Regardless of the filling technique used, iRoot SP can achieve comparable filling quality and better dentinal tubules penetration than AH Plus. Considering the good bioactivity of iRoot SP, it may help improve the seal of root canal system.

Highlights

The complete sealing and filling of the cleaned and shaped root canal system are important steps that can affect the long term success of root canal treatment [1, 2]
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the bioceramic sealer iRoot SP on root canal filling density, root canal adaptation, and sealer penetration into dentinal tubules when both single cone and warm vertical techniques were used
Methods to evaluate root canal filling quality include root sections followed by stereomicroscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), CLSM, and micro computerized tomography

Summary

Introduction

The complete sealing and filling of the cleaned and shaped root canal system are important steps that can affect the long term success of root canal treatment [1, 2]. Because of the complexity of root canal system, sealers need to be used to fill the irregularities and to penetrate into dentinal tubules to obtain a hermetic seal of the root canal system. Root canal sealers should provide adherence between gutta-percha and dentinal walls to avoid gap occurrence at the sealer-dentine interface[3]. Grossman[4] outlined the properties of an ideal sealer, including the following: provides good adhesion between it and the canal wall when set; establishes a hermetic seal; no shrinkage upon setting; insoluble in tissue fluids; tissue tolerant; and others.

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Conclusion