In Vitro Study of Adsorption Kinetics of Dextromethorphan Syrup onto Activated Charcoal in Simulated Gastric and Intestinal Fluids

Shobha Regmi,Shiva Pathak,Saroj Kumar Sah,Bishnu Prasad Bhattarai,Sajan Lal Shyaula,Balmukunda Regmi

doi:10.1155/2017/9290454

Shobha Regmi, Shiva Pathak + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9290454

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Abstract

Adsorption kinetics of dextromethorphan (DXM) syrup in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids onto activated charcoal (AC) were investigated in an in vitro model. The adsorption studies were performed as a function of time, initial concentration, and temperature. The quantification of DXM adsorbed onto AC was obtained from the Langmuir adsorption isotherms using HPLC. The maximum adsorption capacities (at 95% confidence limits) of AC for DXM were 111.615 [106.38; 126.85] mg in simulated intestinal environment (pH 6.8) and 78.314 [86.206; 70.422] mg in simulated gastric environment (pH 1.2). The adsorption capacity of AC for DXM in simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) was not significantly different from the adoption capacity of AC for DXM in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.8). Moreover, the adsorption kinetics behavior of dextromethorphan onto AC followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. Our results show that AC in therapeutically acceptable doses can be beneficial in the majority of oral overdose of DXM.

Highlights

In acute oral drug overdose, the drug should be removed as soon as possible, before it is significantly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract
The main purpose of this study was to elucidate the difference in maximum adsorption capacity of DXM onto activated charcoal in simulated in vitro environments at two extremities of pH inside gastrointestinal tract
We have investigated the in vitro adsorption of DXM at two different pH values of simulated gastric and intestinal fluids onto activated charcoal (AC) and elucidated the kinetics of the adsorption

Summary

Introduction

In acute oral drug overdose, the drug should be removed as soon as possible, before it is significantly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Oral ingestion of AC has long been known to be effective in reducing the systemic absorption of many drugs due to its adsorptive properties. It is taken as a useful agent in the management of acute oral drug overdoses. In a study in the USA during a 2year period from 2004 and 2005, the emergency departments treated over 1,500 children for adverse effects related to OTC cough and cold medication use. In a study conducted in the USA to monitor trends in DXM abuse by using the National Poison Data System: 2000–2010, the mean annual prevalence of DXM cases reported to poison control centers was 13.4 cases per million population for all ages and 113.0 cases per million for 15–19-year-old people. A preponderance of male adolescents was noted throughout the study period [5]

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