In Vitro Studies on Nanoporous, Nanotubular and Nanosponge-Like Titania Coatings, with the Use of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells.

Michalina Ehlert,Katarzyna Roszek,Michał Bartmański,Piotr Piszczek,Tomasz Jędrzejewski,Aleksandra Radtke

doi:10.3390/ma13071574

Abstract

In vitro biological research on a group of amorphous titania coatings of different nanoarchitectures (nanoporous, nanotubular, and nanosponge-like) produced on the surface of Ti6Al4V alloy samples have been carried out, aimed at assessing their ability to interact with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) and affect their activity. The attention has been drawn to the influence of surface coating architecture and its physicochemical properties on the ADSCs proliferation. Moreover, in vitro co-cultures: (1) fibroblasts cell line L929/ADSCs and (2) osteoblasts cell line MG-63/ADSCs on nanoporous, nanotubular and nanosponge-like TiO2 coatings have been studied. This allowed for evaluating the impact of the surface properties, especially roughness and wettability, on the creation of the beneficial microenvironment for co-cultures and/or enhancing differentiation potential of stem cells. Obtained results showed that the nanoporous surface is favorable for ADSCs, has great biointegrative properties, and supports the growth of co-cultures with MG-63 osteoblasts and L929 fibroblasts. Additionally, the number of osteoblasts seeded and cultured with ADSCs on TNT5 surface raised after 72-h culture almost twice when compared with the unmodified scaffold and by 30% when compared with MG-63 cells growing alone. The alkaline phosphatase activity of MG-63 osteoblasts co-cultured with ADSCs increased, that indirectly confirmed our assumptions that TNT-modified scaffolds create the osteogenic niche and enhance osteogenic potential of ADSCs.

Highlights

Titanium and its alloys have been widely used in the construction of implants for complementary bone defects in patients after complicated spinal surgery or limb fractures [1,2,3,4,5]
In this paper we describe conclusions concerning the interaction between the adipose-derived stem cells and produced TNT coatings, enriching the existing knowledge about the biointegrating properties of nanoporous, nanotubular, and nanosponge-like systems produced on the surface of a titanium alloy by its electrochemical oxidation
We examined the proliferation level of MG-63 and L929 cells co-cultured with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) on the tested nanolayers

Summary

Introduction

Titanium and its alloys have been widely used in the construction of implants for complementary bone defects in patients after complicated spinal surgery or limb fractures [1,2,3,4,5]. One of the surface modification paths in modern implantology, aiming at the enhancement of bioactivity and osteointegration, is the formation of TiO2 based coatings of defined structure, architecture, physicochemical, and mechanical properties, on the surface of titanium-based implants [8,9,12]. The low cost and easy electrochemical production of titanium dioxide nanotubular coatings, possessing beneficial properties, i.e., high surface-area-to-volume ratio, strong oxidizing properties, chemical stability, non-toxicity, good mechanical properties, excellent corrosion resistance, and high biointegration activity, is an especially promising modification method [7,8,13,14,15,16,17]. Homogeneous nanotubular, and nanoporous and nanosponge-like coatings, on the surface of a titanium/titanium alloy implant can be and quickly produced by controlled electrochemical anodization procedure, which has been meticulously optimized and described in our earlier reports [20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30]

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