Abstract
Macrophages play a critical role in inflammatory response to implanted biomaterials and formation of restenosis. Macrophage adhesion may lead to macrophage activation and smooth muscle cell proliferation. Titanium oxide films on stainless steel are potential biomaterials for application to vascular stents. They have different influences on smooth muscle cell proliferation in in vivo tests, which could be the main reason for restenosis, but the mechanism is not clear. In this study we show that titanium oxide films can reduce inflammatory reaction with macrophages. Unstimulated macrophages release small amounts of chemical substance such as NO and give slight effect on smooth muscle cell proliferation.
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