Abstract
In vitro cultures of <em>Cistus ×incanus</em> (pink rock-rose) were maintained on two variants of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium differing in terms of composition of plant growth regulators (PGRs): 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at the following concentrations: 3 mg/L and 0, 3 mg/L and 1 mg/L, respectively, and on a variant without PGRs – a control. Cultures were maintained in a form of agar and agitated shoot cultures. The qualitative and quantitative analyzes of three groups of phenolic compounds (catechins, flavonoids, and free phenolic acids) were performed by using the HPLC-DAD technique in methanolic extracts of in vitro biomasses and of commercial plant raw material. In analyzed extracts from in vitro cultures, the presence of catechin [max. 197.80 mg / 100 g dry weight (DW)], epicatechin gallate (max. 30.74 mg / 100 g DW), gallic acid (max. 83.23 mg / 100 g DW), quercetin (max. 10.15 mg / 100 g DW), and quercitrin (max. 72.89 mg / 100 g DW) was confirmed. The quantities of accumulated compounds varied and depended on the type of in vitro culture and the concentration of PGRs in media. The highest amounts of all estimated compounds were obtained in biomasses from agar cultures cultivated on medium without PGRs in vitro. In extracts obtained from commercial raw material, gallic acid (max. 261.80 mg / 100 g DW) and quercetin (max. 255.96 mg / 100 g DW) were detected as being the dominant compounds.
Highlights
The genus Cistus is a taxon from the Cistaceae family, which belongs to the Malvales order
This genus includes more than 20 species [1,2], of which Cistus ×incanus L., C. ladaniferus, C. laurifolius, C. monspeliensis, and C. salviifolius are the most widely used in traditional therapies in the south of Europe and in the north of Africa
C. ×incanus is recommended as a compound in dietary supplements for the prevention of chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, or Alzheimer’s disease [2,4,7,8,9,10]
Summary
The genus Cistus is a taxon from the Cistaceae family, which belongs to the Malvales order. This genus includes more than 20 species [1,2], of which Cistus ×incanus L. A dried herb or leaf is the pharmaceutical raw material derived from C. These raw materials are famous for their high content of polyphenols, mainly flavonoids, e.g., quercetin and kaempferol, catechins, proanthocyanidins, and gallic acid. Fatty acids, phytohormones, vitamins, and terpenes were found in the herb extracts [3]. This rich chemical composition is responsible for the strong antioxidant potential of C. This rich chemical composition is responsible for the strong antioxidant potential of C. ×incanus and determines its profile
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