Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the in vitro sensitivity of two isolates of Monilinia laxa to fungicides approved in integrated and organic production systems. In vitro efficacy of 7 fungicides (Champion 50 WP, Kocide 2000, Nordox 75 WG, Olajos rézkén, Kumulus S, Rézkén, Rézoxiklorid) and another 6 fungicides (Score 25 EC, Efuzin 500 SC, Systane, Folicur Solo, Zato Plusz, Rovral) approved in organic and integrated production systems, respectively, were tested against brown rot of sour cherry. The three isolates showed differences in sensitivity to fungicides. Fungicides (with active ingredients of copper and sulphur) applied in organic production showed relatively high percent growth capacity of M. laxa. Rézkén and Kocide 2000 showed the highest and Kumilus S the lowest efficacy against brown rot. Fungicides applied in integrated production showed relatively low percent growth capacity of M. laxa. Score 25 EC showed the lowest and Rovral and Folicur solso the highest efficacy against M. laxa.
Highlights
Disease and pest management practices in integrated and organic production differ markedly from those in conventional production (Anon., 2000; Cross & Dickler, 1994)
Fungicides applied at 1 x dosage recommended by the manufacturer in organic production showed relatively high percent growth capacity of M. laxa (16–53%) (Figure 1a,b)
Fungicides applied at 1 x dosage recommended by the manufacturer in integrated production showed relatively low percent growth capacity of M. laxa (1–14%) (Figure 2a,b)
Summary
Disease and pest management practices in integrated and organic production differ markedly from those in conventional production (Anon., 2000; Cross & Dickler, 1994). Only natural products such as compost, soluble rock powder, sulphur and copper compounds, fungicidal and botanical soaps, traps and biological methods are permitted against fungal diseases and pests according to IFOAM (International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements) standards (Anon., 2000), while many synthetic pesticides can be used in integrated production. Blossom blight causes severe crop losses in sour cherry orchards in Hungary (Holb, 2003, Soltész, 1997). Blossom blight can be controlled with one to three applications of protectant or systemic fungicides during the bloom period in conventionally grown stone fruit orchards. Severe rain events before harvest can cause cracking of fruit and sour cherry trees require one to two fungicide applications to avoid brown rot of matured fruit (Holb, 2004)
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