Abstract
Background: Natural products have been shown to be reliable sources of anticancer medicines although there is still a consistent demand for new therapeutic natural products for cancer treatment with minimal side-effects.Materials and Methods: In this study, six plant extracts (Grevillea robusta; Euphorbia millii; Euphorbia royleana; Aloe grandidentata; Bauhinia corniculate; and Cassia fistula) were screened for the presence of phytochemical metabolites as saponins, tannins, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, anthraquinones and sterols, using qualitative tests. Antiproliferative screening assay was performed on a panel of three cancer cell-lines (HepG-2, HCT-116 and MCF-7) using MTT assay, and cytotoxicity was determined using WI-38 human fibroblast cell- line.Results: Some plant extracts reduced cellular growth for the selected cancerous cell-lines. For example, E. royleana and A. grandidentata extracts reduced HepG-2 cellular growth with IC50 of 0.42 and 0.53μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, A. grandidentata and C. fistula reduced cellular growth of MCF-7 with IC50 of 0.37 and 0.67 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: E. royleana, A. grandidentata and C. fistula showed significant anti-proliferative activity against HepG-2 and MCF-7 cell-lines with non-cytotoxic nature. This suggests their potential role as anticancer agents against these types of cancer. The presence of flavonoids, sterols and anthraquinones may suggest their enhanced anti-proliferative activities. Therefore, this study has shed light on the possible use of these extracts as potential sources of natural products-based therapy for cancer.
Highlights
Cancer is the second leading cause of deaths globally, and it is responsible for approximately 70% of deaths (~9.5 million deaths) in low- and middle-income countries in 2018 (Bray et al, 2018)
Flavonoids and sterols were detected in all tested extracts, while alkaloids and cardiac glycosides were absent in all (Table 1)
All tested plant extracts were evaluated using different cell-lines for calculation of IC50 after treatment in 2and 10-fold dilution concentrations according to Table 2, for reducing the rate of growth and proliferation in previously mentioned cancer cell-lines compared to normal cell-line (WI-38)
Summary
Cancer is the second leading cause of deaths globally, and it is responsible for approximately 70% of deaths (~9.5 million deaths) in low- and middle-income countries in 2018 (Bray et al, 2018). Materials and Methods: In this study, six plant extracts (Grevillea robusta; Euphorbia millii; Euphorbia royleana; Aloe grandidentata; Bauhinia corniculate; and Cassia fistula) were screened for the presence of phytochemical metabolites as saponins, tannins, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, anthraquinones and sterols, using qualitative tests. Results: Some plant extracts reduced cellular growth for the selected cancerous cell-lines. E. royleana and A. grandidentata extracts reduced HepG-2 cellular growth with IC50 of 0.42 and 0.53μg/mL, respectively. A. grandidentata and C. fistula reduced cellular growth of MCF-7 with IC50 of 0.37 and 0.67 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: E. royleana, A. grandidentata and C. fistula showed significant anti-proliferative activity against HepG-2 and MCF-7 cell-lines with non-cytotoxic nature. This suggests their potential role as anticancer agents against these types of cancer. This study has shed light on the possible use of these extracts as potential sources of natural products-based therapy for cancer
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