In vitro regeneration and multiplication of the apical and nodal meristem derived from some potato cultivars.

Abstract

Apical and lateral meristem of Solanum tuberosum L. detached from Desiree, Ostara and Eba cultivars, was cultivated in vitro on the environment Murashige–Skoog (MS) supplemented with low doses of hormones (Tab.1). The culture was initiated april by utilizing field explants. The apical and lateral meristem of about approximately 0,5-1,0 mm was inoculated on the six cultivars and kept in growth chambers conditions where it was observed the meristem`s viability, in vitro regenerative capacity of the two types of meristems and in vitro mini tuberisation organogenesis. After 80 days (approximately 2 months), in terms of all parameters analyzed the best proved to be Desiree cultivar. The viability and in vitro regenerative capacity of the apical tissue is superior compared to the nodal one. It is not reported the phenomenon of vitrification, a phenomenon common for in vitro potato culture with undesirable effects. Multiplication and complete plant organogenesis was obtained on all variants, including witness, high values on those with cytokinin, zeatin in the medium having a superior effect. Desiree cultivar in the medium with 1mg/l Zeatine (S6 and S5), reaches the highest values. The highest average of minitubers was obtained still at the Desiree cultivar`s apex, in the culture medium with zeatin of approximately 10–14 minitube/explant). Noteworthy is the caulogenesis superiority of the potato apex over the nod, the cultivar Desiree most suited for in vitro culture, followed by Ostara and Eba.