In vitro regeneration and acclimatization of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr. var. MD2)

N.A Ab Rahman,A Awal,A Shamsiah,E.Z Udin,N Abdul Latif

doi:10.26656/fr.2017.4(s5).010

Abstract

Ananas comosus L. Merr. is asexually propagated through the conventional method from its crowns, slips, hapas, and suckers. Plant tissue culture technique is applied for mass production of clonal pineapple within a shorter period compared to conventional propagation. Hence, this research aims to study the effect of coconut water and optimum sucrose concentration for in vitro growth performance of pineapple. In addition, this research also aims at optimizing the fertilization mechanism for the acclimatization of clonal pineapple ex vitro. The in vitro regeneration was performed by adding a different volume of coconut water and concentration of sucrose into the prepared culture media supplemented with 2.00 mg/L 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 1.00 mg/L Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). For acclimatization method, two different types of fertilizer served as treatments which were compound fertilizers (NPK 15:15:15) and controlled-release fertilizer (AJIB CRF, NPKMg 10:5:18:3). The planting media consisted of topsoil, sand, and compost composition in a ratio of 2:1:2. Results showed that culture media contained 20.00 mL/L coconut water obtained the highest number of shoots (45.33±7.56). On the other hand, culture media supplemented with 30.00 g/L sucrose concentration showed the highest number of shoots (47.25±10.81). Meanwhile, the acclimatization method found that controlled-release fertilizer (AJIB CRF), NPKMg (10:5:18:3) showed about 90% of survival rate. The mean value for the number of leaves and leaves length (cm) in acclimatized clonal pineapple using Controlled-release fertilizer (AJIB CRF) were 5.48±0.96 and 6.00±1.04, respectively. Therefore, the addition of coconut water, optimum sucrose concentration, and the suitable type of fertilizer in both in vitro and ex vitro promote a better growth performance of clonal pineapple.

Highlights

IntroductionCloned pineapples (in vitro propagated) and plant that propagated traditionally have similar chemical and nutrient profiles, maturation period and physical properties
Sample in medium supplemented with 20.0 mL/L of coconut water shows the highest mean number of shoots (45.33±7.56) followed by culture supplemented with 25.00 mL/L coconut water (43.83±7.31)
Based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) result, the mean value for media supplemented with coconut water of 20.00 mL/L and 25.00 mL/L showed only a small difference of mean value and significance value

Summary

Introduction

Cloned pineapples (in vitro propagated) and plant that propagated traditionally have similar chemical and nutrient profiles, maturation period and physical properties. Healthy clones could be initiated, and disease problem in seedlings could be overcome by using tissue culture techniques (Awal et al, 2011). Besides the rich nutrient contains that beneficial for human, coconut water possesses the ability to become a growth regulator to induce growth of tissue cultures (Yong et al, 2009). The natural indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) present in coconut water can be used to induce the rooting process of Dracaena purplecompacta L (Agampodi, 2008). Coconut water can be used to substitute zeatin to induce plant cells to divide and grow rapidly as the liquid contains amino acids, organic acids, nucleic acids, vitamins, carbohydrates and plant regulators with high levels of zeatin and minerals (Peixe, 2007)

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Methods

Results