Abstract
Bioactive manganese (Mn)-doped ceramic coatings for intraosseous titanium (Ti) implants are developed. Arc plasma deposition procedure is used for coatings preparation. X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) methods are applied for coatings characterization. The coatings are homogeneous, composed of the main phase α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) (about 67%) and the minor phase hydroxyapatite (about 33%), and the Mn content is 2.3 wt%. EPR spectroscopy demonstrates that the Mn ions are incorporated in the TCP structure and are present in the coating in Mn2+ and Mn3+ oxidation states, being aggregated in clusters. The wetting contact angle of the deposited coatings is suitable for cells’ adhesion and proliferation. In vitro soaking in physiological solution for 90 days leads to a drastic change in phase composition; the transformation into calcium carbonate and octacalcium phosphate takes place, and no more Mn is present. The absence of antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria strains is observed. A study of the metabolic activity of mouse fibroblasts of the NCTC L929 cell line on the coatings using the MTT (dye compound 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test demonstrates that there is no toxic effect on the cell culture. Moreover, the coating material supports the adhesion and proliferation of the cells. A good adhesion, spreading, and proliferative activity of the human tooth postnatal dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) is demonstrated. The developed coatings are promising for implant application in orthopedics and dentistry.
Highlights
The growing number of patients with the pathology of large joints is associated with the aging of the population
GFP-dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) were seeded on the surface of the coatings (n = 3 per study) at a concentration of 30,000 cells/cm2 (DMEM + 10% FBS) in 24-well plates, and glass slides of the same size were used as controls
Trapped atomic hydrogen centers and holes, carbonate we demonstrated a high sensitivity of methods to detect the radiation-induced nitrate radicals radicals CO, CO, CO, and color centers were observed
Summary
The growing number of patients with the pathology of large joints is associated with the aging of the population. Authors [3] report that dental implant prevalence among US adults significantly increased since 1999 and estimate that by 2026 it could be as high as 23%. This trend provides valuable information for the implant research direction and implant industry development. Mn2+ ions are involved in the synthesis of plasma membrane proteins such as collagen, playing a key role in the formation of bones and connective tissues [19]. The authors investigated biological properties of their coatings; in particular, the cytotoxicity towards mesenchymal stem cells, reporting an enhanced viability and proliferation of the cells. The antibacterial activity of the coatings towards the Escherichia coli (E. coli), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) bacteria strains was tested
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