Abstract
Efficient protocols for callus induction and micro propagation of Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch were developed and phytochemical diversity of wild and in-vitro propagated material was investigated. Brown and red compact callus was formed with frequency of 80–95%, 78–90%, 70–95% and 65–80% from seeds, leaf, petiole and root explants, respectively. MS media supplemented with BAP (2.0 mgL−1), NAA (1.0 mgL−1) and GA3 (0.25 mgL−1) best suited for multiple shoot buds initiation (82%), while maximum shoot length was formed on media with BAP (1.5 mgL−1), NAA (0.25 mgL−1) and Kinetin (0.5 mgL−1). Full strength media with IAA (0.5 mgL−1) along with IBA (0.5 mgL−1) resulted in early roots initiation. Similarly, maximum rooting (87.57%) and lateral roots formation (up to 6.76) was recorded on full strength media supplemented with BAP (0.5 mgL−1), IAA (0.5 mgL−1) and IBA (0.5 mgL−1). Survival rate of acclimatized plantlets in autoclaved garden soil, farmyard soil, and sand (2:1:1) was 87%. Phytochemical analysis revealed variations in biochemical contents i.e. maximum sugar (808.32 µM/ml), proline (48.14 mg/g), ascorbic acid (373.801 mM/g) and phenolic compounds (642.72 mgL−1) were recorded from callus cultured on different stress media. Nonetheless, highest flavenoids (59.892 mg/g) and anthocyanin contents (32.39 mg/kg) were observed in in-vitro propagated plants. GC–MS analysis of the callus ethyl acetate extracts revealed 24 different phytochemicals. The variability in secondary metabolites of both wild and propagated plants/callus is reported for the first time for this species. This study may provide a baseline for the conservation and sustainable utilization of S. costus with implications for isolation of unique and pharmacologically active compounds from callus or regenerated plantlets.
Highlights
Efficient protocols for callus induction and micro propagation of Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch were developed and phytochemical diversity of wild and in-vitro propagated material was investigated
2,4-D is a synthetic plant growth regulator, its role in callus induction is highlighted for S. costus
In spite of the prior limited success with Asteraceae members in inducing roots during tissue culture and acclimatization; here, the regenerated plantlets had 87% of survival rate. We argue this survival rate could be further improved through biotization of micro propagated plants with endophytic bacteria and fungi
Summary
Efficient protocols for callus induction and micro propagation of Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch were developed and phytochemical diversity of wild and in-vitro propagated material was investigated. The variability in secondary metabolites of both wild and propagated plants/callus is reported for the first time for this species. The species is critically endangered and is listed in Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) It is one of the 37 endangered and highly medicinal plants of the Himalayas, and has been prioritized for both in-situ and ex-situ conservation[2]. To overcome environmental constraints in-vitro cultures (cell, callus, buds and shoot) provide the best alternative choice for the smooth and constant supply of plant active ingredients[7]. The purpose of this research was to establish an effective and efficient in vitro regeneration protocol for S. costus and to compare the photochemical variability in the aqueous extracts of induced callus, in-vitro propagated plants with the wild/natural collections
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.