Abstract
BackgroundAnthropogenic activity, climate change, pollution, and exploitation of natural resources are some reasons that cause threatening of plant diversity. Silene schimperiana is an endangered plant species in Egypt and is endemic to the high mountain of Saint Katherine Protected Area in southern Sinai. The purpose of the study was the ex situ conservation of Silene schimperiana through in vitro propagation and DNA barcode analysis. ResultsTo develop an efficient ex situ conservation program of the plant, in vitro propagation protocol has been achieved from shoot tip and stem nodal segment explants of in vitro germinated seedlings. Explants were established in vitro on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.89 μM gibberellic acid (GA3), 1.08 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and 1.16 μM kinetin (Kin). The highest number of axillary shoots (9.27) was obtained when they were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 4.48 μM 6-benzyl adenine (BA). Hundred percent of multiple axillary shoots were rooted on quarter-strength MS medium supplemented with 4.92 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 10.75 μM NAA. Rooted plants were transferred to pots containing a soil-peat mixture (1: 2 v/v) and successfully acclimatized in the greenhouse. Plant identification is a crucial aspect to understand and conserve plant diversity from extinction. DNA barcode analysis of Silene schimperiana was carried out using two chloroplast DNA markers (cpDNA): 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (rbcL) and RNA polymerase subunit (rpoC1) and a nuclear ribosome DNA marker (ncDNA), internal transcribed spacer (ITS). Phylogenetic analysis revealed a successful identification of Silene schimperiana on the species and genus levels and supported the inclusion of Silene schimperiana in genus Silene. ConclusionsIn this study, a relevant in vitro propagation method was established to facilitate the recovery of Silene schimperiana, in addition to DNA barcoding of the plant as a tool for effective management and conservation of plant genetic resources.
Highlights
Anthropogenic activity, climate change, pollution, and exploitation of natural resources are some reasons that cause threatening of plant diversity
Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.89 μM Gibberellic acid (GA3), 1.08 μM naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and different concentrations of either benzyl adenine (BA) or Kin was examined
The same trend was observed with BA, as the highest mean number and length of axillary shoots per explant was recorded at the lowest concentration (1.11 μM) and it decreased by increasing BA concentration (Table 1)
Summary
Anthropogenic activity, climate change, pollution, and exploitation of natural resources are some reasons that cause threatening of plant diversity. Silene schimperiana is an endangered plant species in Egypt and is endemic to the high mountain of Saint Katherine Protected Area in southern Sinai. Saint Katherine Protectorate is one of the largest protected areas in Egypt with the highest mountains. It supports surprising biodiversity and a high proportion of endemic and rare plants. The protection and conservation of endemic plant species is a worldwide need; especially under the threat of climate change. The plant is a hemicryptophyte, growing on rocky wadi beds. It is potentially an ornamental plant with attractive white flowers [4] and has economic importance in grazing processes as a pastoral plant [5]
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