In Vitro Production of Calcified Bone Matrix onto Wool Keratin Scaffolds via Osteogenic Factors and Electromagnetic Stimulus.

Nora Bloise,Rosalinda Caringella,Giulia Montagna,Lorenzo Fassina,Livia Visai,Giovanna Bruni,Claudio Tonin,Alessia Patrucco

doi:10.3390/ma13143052

Abstract

Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) has drawn attention as a potential tool to improve the ability of bone biomaterials to integrate into the surrounding tissue. We investigated the effects of PEMF (frequency, 75 Hz; magnetic induction amplitude, 2 mT; pulse duration, 1.3 ms) on human osteoblast-like cells (SAOS-2) seeded onto wool keratin scaffolds in terms of proliferation, differentiation, and production of the calcified bone extracellular matrix. The wool keratin scaffold offered a 3D porous architecture for cell guesting and nutrient diffusion, suggesting its possible use as a filler to repair bone defects. Here, the combined approach of applying a daily PEMF exposure with additional osteogenic factors stimulated the cells to increase both the deposition of bone-related proteins and calcified matrix onto the wool keratin scaffolds. Also, the presence of SAOS-2 cells, or PEMF, or osteogenic factors did not influence the compression behavior or the resilience of keratin scaffolds in wet conditions. Besides, ageing tests revealed that wool keratin scaffolds were very stable and showed a lower degradation rate compared to commercial collagen sponges. It is for these reasons that this tissue engineering strategy, which improves the osteointegration properties of the wool keratin scaffold, may have a promising application for long term support of bone formation in vivo.

Highlights

In bone tissue engineering (BTE), two fundamental properties that each biomaterial should present are biocompatibility and biodegradability
Results indicated There was enhanced regeneration of bone along with reduced adipose tissues [3]. This in vitro work of bone-tissue engineering starts from the wool keratin scaffold previously described [4] and aims to enrich the extracellular bone matrix (ECM) components, i.e., the over-wrap of a proteinaceous and, calcified surface, are reveal possible uses in vivo
To explore the effect of daily treatment with a low-frequency Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) on human osteoblast-like cells (SAOS-2) seeded onto wool keratin scaffolds on proliferation and bone matrix deposition after

Summary

Introduction

In bone tissue engineering (BTE), two fundamental properties that each biomaterial should present are biocompatibility and biodegradability Other than these properties, most of the materials used as scaffolds for the repair of bone defects offer only a feasible passive support within which the tissue may heal or regenerate. Within the context of the biodegradable natural polymers, keratin-based materials have changed the field of modern biomaterials due to their distinct properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, and mechanical durability. They can be cast as sponges, films, and hydrogels for various biomedical applications [1]. In vivo investigation of keratose (water-soluble fraction of the keratin) was studied as a BMP2 carrier for bony regeneration of rat femoral bone defect

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