Abstract
The metabolite 20-Hydroxymaytenin (20-HM) is a member of the quinone-methide pentacyclic triterpenoids (QMTs) group. This metabolite group is present only in Celastraceae plants, and it has shown various biological activities from antioxidant to anticancer properties. However, most QMTs metabolites including 20-HM cannot be synthesized in a laboratory. Therefore, we optimized a plant tissue culture protocol and examined the potential of Gymnosporia heterophylla (synonym. Maytenus heterophylla) to produce 20-HM in an in vitro experiment. For the first time, we reported the optimum callus induction medium with a high percentage success rate of 82% from the combination of 1 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid and 5 mg/L naphthalene acetic acid. Later, our cell suspension culture cultivated in the optimum medium provided approximately 0.35 mg/g fresh weight of 20-HM. This concentration is roughly 87.5 times higher than a concentration of 20-HM presenting in Elaeodendron croceum (Celastraceae) leaves. In addition, we also found that 20-HM presented in a cultivation medium, suggesting that G. heterophylla cells secreted 20-HM as an exudate in our experiment. Noticeably, 20-HM was missing when Penicillium cf. olsonii occurred in the medium. These findings hint at an antifungal property of 20-HM.
Highlights
The triterpenoid metabolite 20-Hydroxymaytenin (20-HM) belongs to a unique group known as quinone-methide pentacyclic triterpenoids or QMTs [1]
A wide range of biological activities was reported from QMTs metabolites, such as antioxidant [2,3], anti-inflammatory [4,5], antimicrobial [6,7], and antidiabetes [8]
High purity of 20-HM is required as a standard reference for our chemical analysis, an essential part of this study
Summary
The triterpenoid metabolite 20-Hydroxymaytenin (20-HM) belongs to a unique group known as quinone-methide pentacyclic triterpenoids or QMTs [1]. A wide range of biological activities was reported from QMTs metabolites, such as antioxidant [2,3], anti-inflammatory [4,5], antimicrobial [6,7], and antidiabetes [8]. QMTs metabolites provided hepato- and cardioprotective effects [9,10]. Among all these biological activities, an anticancer property is the most promising one [11]. Even though no QMTs derivative has been brought to a clinical trial yet, QMTs metabolites, especially celastrol, are known as a hit compound for developing new anticancer agents [11,12,13].
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