Abstract
Abstract In this study crude extracts of Turbinaria decurrens, Padina pavonica, Sargassum muticum and Sargassum acinarium (Phaeophyta); Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) and Pterocladia capillacea (Rhodophyta) seaweeds were tested to evaluate their antioxidant properties and antidiabetic potential on α-amylase and α-glucosidase starch hydrolyzing enzymes. The results showed that all analyzed seaweeds exhibited antioxidant effects using DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), reducing power and total antioxidant capacity assays in addition to antidiabetic activity that all depended on the species and the extract solvent. Among the tested extracts, acetone extract of Turbinaria decurrens showed the highest antioxidant activity and inhibitory effects for α-amylase (96.1%) and α-glucosidase (97.4%), respectively which was related with its total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. In vitro, the extract showed no toxicity against fibroblast normal cell lines at lower concentration of 250 µg/ml. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrum analysis (GC-MS) of this acetone extract showed the presence of different bioactive compounds mainly cyclotrisiloxane, hexamethyl which could be responsible for its antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. The study results suggest that brown seaweeds especially T. decurrens can be used as antioxidant ingredients and as potent reducing drug for postprandial hyperglycemia.
Highlights
The term of seaweeds refers to the large visible macro-algae growing attaching to rocks and along the sea shore and they are found in a range of aquatic habitats (Raven & Giordano, 2014)
Our results indicated a strong correlation between the antioxidant activity using DPPH, reducing power and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) with the estimated total phenolic content of seaweeds which were in adherence to studies by Ismail et al (2016) and Ismail (2017)
This antioxidant capacity was significantly correlated to their phenolic content, especially for the brown seaweeds: T. decurrens, P. pavonica, S. muticum and S. acinarium These seaweeds were exhibited a potent inhibitory activity, in vitro, on α-amylase and α-glucosidase starch hydrolyzing enzymes
Summary
The term of seaweeds refers to the large visible macro-algae growing attaching to rocks and along the sea shore and they are found in a range of aquatic habitats (Raven & Giordano, 2014). There is an excessive interest for screening helpful medications from marine algae as they contain bioactive compounds, e.g., polysaccharides, pigments, proteins, lipids, peptides, minerals and vitamins (Husni et al, 2016) They have diversified biological activities, such as anti‐hypertensive, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti‐coagulant, apoptotic activities (Lee & Han, 2012), antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer (Khalid et al, 2018). Biochemical pathways of metabolism may produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), as intermediate hazardous products which, upon excess- abundance creation, the body will not be able to neutralize or detoxify these free radicals causing oxidative stress impact (Santos-Sánchez et al, 2019) This resulted in oxidative impairment of cell components such as protein denaturation, lipid peroxidation and/or DNA conjugation. Marine seaweeds have been known as traditional sources of natural antioxidants (Samaraweera et al, 2012)
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