Abstract
Progress in cell culture and molecular biology of plants has enabled broad use of biotechnology for plant improvement. Different transformation systems are available, however all of them require regeneration of transgenic plant from a single transformed cell. Cereal plants can be regenerated from single cells via somatic embryogenesis or androgenesis. Both of these processes depend on explant genotype but can be affected by culture conditions. Factors such as composition of media, growth regulators, light and temperature have a great influence on the effectiveness of regeneration. Somatic embryogenesis can be induced from various explants, however immature zygotic embryos proved to be most efficient for regeneration of cereal plants. Anther and microspore culture combined with spontaneous or induced chromosome doubling lead to homozygosity that can be achieved within no more than two generations. Moreover, they are an excellent tool for genetic manipulation and are recognized as a simple way to stabilize transgenic lines. The prerequisite for introduction and stabile integration of desired genes is an efficient regeneration system. Such efficient regeneration systems are the base of transformation process.
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