Abstract
Purpose This study evaluated the in vitro antibacterial and cytotoxicity of various commercially available silver-containing dressings (Ag dressing). Methods Biohesive Ag (hydrocolloid, silver sulfadiazine), Aquacel® Ag (nonwoven fabric, ionic silver [Ag]), Algisite™ Ag (nonwoven fabric, Ag), Mepilex® Ag (foam, silver sulfate), and PolyMem® Ag (foam, nanocrystalline silver) were tested for characteristics of Ag release, antibacterial activity, and cytotoxicity. The release of Ag was investigated in cell culture medium at immersion periods of 6, 24, and 48 hours. The antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were accessed by a disc diffusion test. The cytotoxicity was evaluated using V79 cells, by an extraction method. Results The cytotoxicity was not a monotonic function of the antibacterial among the Ag dressings and could not be simply explained by Ag-release properties. Biohesive Ag was regarded as a slow-release Ag dressing, showing the lowest cytotoxicity, while the antibacterial was classified as strong or significant against the two species of bacteria. Aquacel Ag and Algisite Ag showed higher antibacterial and cytotoxic effects, which were supported by the higher Ag release. Mepilex Ag showed the highest release of Ag, and the cytotoxicity was the highest among the Ag dressings. However, the antibacterial was classified as significant or no activity for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, respectively. PolyMem Ag showed the lowest Ag release, and the antibacterial classified as significant or no activity for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively, whereas the cytotoxicity was similar to those of Aquacel Ag and Algisite Ag. Conclusion The efficacy and adverse effects of the Ag dressings revealed differences that should be considered by clinicians during wound management.
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