In Vitro Oxidative Damage Induced in Livers, Hearts and Kidneys of Rat Treated with Water Extract (Leachate) from Municipal Battery Recycling Site: Evidence as Environmental Pollution and Tissue Damage

Abstract

Abstract The health effects of the Municipal Auto-Battery Dust Leachate (MABDL) and Elewi Odo Municipal Auto- Battery Recycling Site Leachate (EOMABRL) on levels of Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) were investigated in livers, kidneys and hearts of male albino rat-in vitro. The two varieties of leachates significantly (p<0.05) increased MDA level in the liver, kidney and heart in a dose-dependent manner with Municipal Auto-Battery Dust Leachate (MABDL) having stronger induction ability than Elewi Odo Municipal Auto-Battery Recycling Site Leachate (EOMABRL). MDA levels of EOMABRL were significantly (p<0.05) elevated in the liver, kidney and heart by 55.56%, 41.3% and 39.13% respectively compared to the corresponding control at the highest dose. Similarly, MDA contents of MABDL were significantly (p<0.05) elevated in the kidney, heart and liver by 195.65%, 115.2% and 83.33% respectively compared to the corresponding control at the highest dose. However, the liver is highly sensitive to EOMABRL exposure than kidney and heart. In contrast, the kidney is more susceptible to MABDL exposure than heart and liver. Collectively, the possible mechanisms by which varieties of battery leachates exert nephritis, hepatitis and cardiovascular malfunctioning is through high induction of lipid peroxidation and heavy metal (Cu2+ ,Fe2+ ,Pb2+ etc) catalyzed hydrogen peroxide decomposition to produced OH• via Fenton reaction.